The undrained behaviour of loose and overconsolidated Hostun RF sand in triaxial compression and extension tests is described. The samples are isotropically or anisotropically overconsolidated along several constant effective stress ratio paths with various overconsolidation ratios (OCR), up to 24. To minimize the effect of variation of density on the observed undrained behaviour, all tested samples are required to have a nearly identical void ratio before the final monotonic undrained shearing. Isotropically overconsolidated and normally consolidated samples exhibit the same phenomenon of partial static liquefaction, but anisotropically overconsolidated specimens reveal a completely different undrained behaviour. A common pseudoelastic response is observed for a given overconsolidation history. This response is induced by recent stress history in terms of effective stress paths, independent of the OCR during overconsolidation. The initial gradient of the effective stress paths seems to depend solely on the direction of the previous linear stress path history. This paper offers a comprehensive understanding of the mechanism of the induced anisotropy of loose sand created by simple linear stress paths from three different initial stress states in the classical triaxial plane. The pseudoelastic response can be adequately modelled by a simple hyperelastic component of the elastoplastic framework.Résumé : Cet étudie le comportement non drainé de sable Hostun RF très lâche et surconsolidé à l'appareil triaxial. Les échantillons sont surconsolidés isotropiquement ou anisotropiquement le long des chemins linéaires de rapport de contraintes constant avec plusieurs valeurs du rapport de surconsolidation, jusqu'à 24. L'indice des vides de tous les échantillons testés est pratiquement identique dans le but de minimiser son influence éventuelle sur le comportement observé. Tandis que la surconsolidation isotrope montre le phénomène de liquéfaction statique qui est un comportement non drainé très semblable à celui de la consolidation isotrope vierge, la surconsolidation anisotrope indique un comportement complètement différent. Pour chaque chemin de surconsolidation, on observe une réponse pseudo-élastique indépendamment du rapport de surconsolidation. Il semble que l'inclinaison initiale des chemins de contraintes effectives ne dépend que de la direction des préchargements. Cet article a permis une compréhension détaillée du mécanisme de l'anisotropie induite des sables lâches créée par les chemins simples de contraintes linéaires à partir de plusieurs états initiaux de contrainte dans le plan triaxial classique. La réponse pseudo-élastique peut ètre simuler par un simple modèle hyperélastique de l'élastoplasticité.Mots clés : anisotropie induite, surconsolidation, instabilité, essais non drainés, hyperélasticité.
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