Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been increasingly recognised as a public health issue. The estimated worldwide prevalence of CKD is 8%-16% [1]. CKD was the 16th leading cause of death in 2016 and is expected to be the fifth leading cause by 2040 [2]. In Vietnam, the prevalence of CKD and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) has been continuously increasing, reaching nearly 90,000 patients with ESRD annually. Up to 9000 incident cases are underdiagnosed and undertreated every year. By the end of 2016, only approximately 21,000 patients underwent haemodialysis (HD), peritoneal dialysis (PD) or renal transplantation [3]. Patients with ESRD not only experience a decrease in life expectancy but also bear the burden of illness with various comorbidities. Moreover, prolonged treatment duration could consume substantial healthcare resources for management and further deteriorate the patient's quality of life (QoL) and survival rates [4,5].

Purpose The present study aimed at evaluating the survival rate, its associated factors, and the causes of death in elderly patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) in Vietnam. Patients and Methods This is a retrospective, observational study conducted among patients aged ≥65 years who underwent CAPD at Thong Nhat Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, from April 2012 to December 2020. The Kaplan–Meier method was used to calculate the cumulative survival rate, and the Log rank test was used to analyze the factors associated with the survival rate of patients. Results This study enrolled a total of 68 patients with a mean age of 71.93 ± 7.44 years at the initiation of CAPD. The most common complication among kidney failure patients was diabetic nephropathy (39.71%). The rate of concomitant cardiovascular diseases was 58.82%. The average survival rate was 45.59 ± 4.01 months. Peritonitis was the most common factor causing death (31.25%), followed by cardiovascular diseases (28.12%) and malnutrition (25%). The factors that impacted the survival rate included concomitant cardiovascular diseases, low serum albumin (<35 g/dL), and an indication of CAPD due to exhausted vascular access for hemodialysis at baseline. The main factor associated with a shorter survival time was concomitant cardiovascular diseases. Conclusion It is necessary to improve the survival time beyond 5 years for elderly patients undergoing CAPD, especially for those with concomitant cardiovascular diseases. Besides the prevention of peritonitis, adequate measures to protect from cardiovascular diseases and malnutrition will reduce the mortality rate in patients on CAPD.