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The aim of the present study was to explore the ability of personality to predict academic performance in a longitudinal study of a Swedish upper secondary school sample. Academic performance was assessed throughout a three-year period via final grades from the compulsory school and upper secondary school. The Big Five personality factors (Costa & McCrae, ) - particularly Conscientiousness and Neuroticism - were found to predict overall academic performance, after controlling for general intelligence. Results suggest that Conscientiousness, as measured at the age of 16, can explain change in academic performance at the age of 19. The effect of Neuroticism on Conscientiousness indicates that, as regarding getting good grades, it is better to be a bit neurotic than to be stable. The study extends previous work by assessing the relationship between the Big Five and academic performance over a three-year period. The results offer educators avenues for improving educational achievement.

What do we need to know about our students to better provide for more equitable outcomes? Who will succeed depends on many factors, and student personality traits constitute one factor that has received less attention in the engagement and teaching literature. The aim of the present study is to add to discussions on teaching in higher education by exploring how students differ on personality trait profiles (IPIP-NEO-PI test), approaches to learning (R-SPQ-2F test), and preferences for teaching and learning activities and assessment modes. The online survey study was carried out at a Swedish teaching university on students in a business (n=144) and preschool teacher education program (n=179). The findings revealed systematic differences between the types of assessment modes preferred and significant differences between the two majors regarding learning approaches, motives, and strategies. The findings are examined in relation to models of learning and disjuncture, discussions of educational relationships and risk, and concepts of teaching and learning regimes. Teachers and curriculum developers face two issues. First, teachers who are new or come from a different teaching and learning regime may run the risk of alienating students and causing them extreme anxiety if they use teaching and learning activities and assessment modes students are uncomfortable and unfamiliar with. Second, teachers and curriculum developers run the risk of not challenging students enough, thus depriving them of valuable learning experiences. KEYWORDS personality traits, assessment modes, teaching and learning activities, approaches to learning, preferences Fjelkner, A., Håkansson, A., & Rosander, P. (2019). Do personality traits matter? A comparative study of student preferences for teaching and learning activities and assessment modes in two different majors. Teaching & Learning Inquiry, 7(1).

Berries contain bioactive compounds that may affect children’s cognitive function positively, while hunger and thirst during lessons before lunch affect academic performance negatively. This pilot study addresses methodological challenges in studying if a berry smoothie, offered to schoolchildren as a mid-morning beverage, affects academic performance.The objective was to investigate if a cross-over design can be used to study these effects in a school setting.Therefore, in order to investigate assay sensitivity, 236 Swedish children aged 10–12 years were administered either a berry smoothie (active) or a fruit-based control beverage after their mid-morning break. Both beverages provided 5% of child daily energy intake. In total, 91% of participants completed the study. Academic performance was assessed using the d2 test of attention. Statistical analyses were performed using the Wilcoxon signed rank test in StatXact v 10.3.The results showed that the children consumed less of the active berry smoothie than the control (154 g vs. 246 g). Both beverages increased attention span and concentration significantly (p = 0.000). However, as there was no significant difference (p = 0.938) in the magnitude of this effect between the active and control beverages, the assay sensitivity of the study design was not proven. The effect of the beverages on academic performance was attributed the supplementation of water and energy.Despite careful design, the active smoothie was less accepted than the control. This could be explained by un-familiar sensory characteristics and peer influence, stressing the importance of sensory similarity and challenges to perform a study in school settings. The employed cross-over design did not reveal any effects of bioactive compound consumption on academic performance. In future studies, the experimental set up should be modified or replaced by e.g. the parallel study design, in order to provide conclusive results.