Signal transducer and activator of transcription protein; Th17, T helper cells that produce interleukin-17; Th1, T helper 1; Th2, T helper 2; Th9, T helper cells that produce interleukin-9; TNFα, Tumor necrosis factor alpha; TSLP, Thymic stromal lymphopoietin; TBXA2, Tromboxane receptor A2; ULABA, Ultra-long-acting beta-agonists; ULAMA, ultra-long-acting muscarinic agonists; WHO, World Health Organization. † The Task Force of Immunopharmacology (TIPCO) within the Immunology Section of EAACI was established in 2017 to connect scientist and clinicians with the different scientific backgrounds-physicians and basic scientists, pharmacologists, computational biologists-with the task of examining recent breakthroughs on basic mechanisms of immune regulation and review their application in current, upcoming, and paradigm-shifting therapeutic approaches for allergy and clinical immunology-related diseases. The different topics for this first position paper, based on comparison of biologicals and small molecule drug therapeutic approaches, were assigned and drafted by authors' subgroups. They were further discussed, developed, and compiled during a meeting in Salerno (February 24-25, 2018). The position paper draft was thereafter recirculated and critically appraised until the final version was approved by all Task Force Members. AbstractChronic airway diseases such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), together with their comorbidities, bear a significant burden on public health. Increased appreciation of molecular networks underlying inflammatory airway disease needs to be translated into new therapies for distinct phenotypes not controlled by current treatment regimens. On the other hand, development of new

While the origin of the phrase "birds of a feather flock together" is unclear, it has been in use for centuries and is typically employed to describe the phenomenon that people with similar tastes or interests tend to seek each other out and congregate together. In this review, we have co-opted this phrase to compare innate immune cells of related origin, the eosinophil and mast cell, because they very often accumulate together in tissue sites under both homeostatic and inflammatory conditions. To highlight overlapping yet distinct features, their hematopoietic development, cell surface phenotype, mediator release profiles and roles in diseases have been compared and contrasted. What emerges is a sense that these two cell types often interact with each other and their tissue environment to provide synergistic contributions to a variety of normal and pathologic immune responses.

CD300a is an inhibitory receptor for mast cells and eosinophils in allergic inflammation (AI); however, the spatiotemporal expression of CD300a and its potential roles in the resolution of AI are still to be determined. In this study, employing a mouse model of allergic peritonitis, we demonstrate that CD300a expression on peritoneal cells is regulated from inflammation to resolution. Allergic peritonitis-induced CD300a 2/2 mice had a rapid increase in their inflammatory cell infiltrates and tryptase content in the peritoneal cavity compared with wild type, and their resolution process was significantly delayed. CD300a 2/2 mice expressed lower levels of ALX/FPR2 receptor on peritoneal cells and had higher levels of LXA 4 in the peritoneal lavage. CD300a activation on mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells regulated ALX/FPR2 expression levels following IgE-mediated activation. Together, these findings indicate a role for CD300a in AI and its resolution, in part via the specialized proresolving mediator LXA 4 and ALX/FPR2 receptor pathway activation.

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