We directly measured the second harmonic generation and difference frequency generation phase-matching directions of the nonlinear crystal CdSiP(2) until 9.5 μm using the sphere method. The simultaneous fit of the experimental angular data allowed the Sellmeier equations of the ordinary and extraordinary principal refractive indices to be refined over the entire transparency range of the crystal.

We validated the theory of angular quasi-phase-matching (AQPM) by performing measurements of second-harmonic generation and difference-frequency generation. A nonlinear least-squares fitting of these experimental data led to refine the Sellmeier equations of 5%MgO:PPLN that are now valid over the complete transparency range of the crystal. We also showed that AQPM exhibits complementary spectral ranges and acceptances compared with birefringence phase matching.

The fabrication of n-type solar cell using industrial process is presented in this study. The boron emitter was formed using novel diffusion technique with BCl 3 precursor and the passivation was made by means of dry oxidation. The influence of the grid coverage ratio on the backside was studied and an optimized value of 5% was found. Efficiencies above 19.0% were obtained on 125PSQ Cz wafers. We also report a independently certified efficiency of 18.7% measured by Callab on a special bifacial chuck. A difference in short-circuit current was observed compared to the use of a full chuck. Stability of the fabricated cell was investigated at 50°C under AM1.5 illumination. After over 100 h exposures, the cell efficiency was improved of 0.2% due to a slight increase in the V oc , leading to a maximum efficiency of 19.3%. Potential improvements in efficiency were presented by means of numerical simulations. The optimization the emitter & BSF profiles should lead to efficiency close to 20%. Finally, small modules of 2x2 cells were fabricated and measured to analyse the evolution of the cell performance at a module level. Losses in FF and current were observed will be analysed in a future work.The above text is an abstract of a manuscript initially published in the IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics.View the full manuscript at