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This work reports an evaluation of two Educational Modeling Languages for the design of environments dedicated to Problem-Based Learning (PBL) situations. Firstly, we assess the expressivity of the IMS-LD language against the requirements of the Smash case-study. Considering the limits of the IMS-LD language, we present some capabilities of the CPM language to describe other views representing contextual didactic choices (actions and events) that IMS-LD cannot afford.An analysis of the details of these CPM views has shown that they refer to learning/tutoring actions to be performed from the semantics of the electronic documents exploited in the Smash situation. Since it is a widely shared tendency to specify learning activities that take advantage of the information embedded in documents, we present some techniques, methods and tools to engineer together the educational capabilities of a corpus of electronic documents and the dynamics of learning activities enhancing the value of such a corpus. The only documents addressed by these research works are those embedding spatial and temporal information.Index Terms-Innovative uses of technology for teaching and learning; Educational Modeling Languages (EML); Information Retrieval and ExtractionThe authors are member of the

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Purpose -The purpose of this paper is to present a computational approach and a toolset to infer spatial displacements as they occur in route narrative documents and report on first experiments done to produce computer-aided learning (CAL) applications and instructional design editors that exploit the inferred georeferenced itineraries. Design/methodology/approach -Identification of the structure of natural language expressions to indicate spatial displacement, as they occur in route narrative documents. Use of geographic information systems technology to treat the semantics of spatial displacements identified in route narrative documents. Findings -It was found that French route narratives can be linguistically analyzed with a relatively simple structure (two computational models). Transducers are used to successfully analyze displacements verbs and to attach some semantics to paragraphs of route narratives.Research limitations/implications -The same structure valid for French texts can be found in English texts as well. Further work could lead to fundamental questions about whether itineraries are linguistic universals. Practical implications -The toolset is fully functional and can be tested on the World Wide Web for information retrieval purposes. Currently it is used for CAL applications to tutor learners in the process of reading route narratives documents. Originality/value -The paper demonstrates that the featured computational models and toolset are mature enough to be embedded in end-user applications.