In the past two decades, the traditional nosology of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been criticized for having insufficient discriminant validity. In line with current trends, in the present study, we combined a data-driven approach with the advantages of virtual reality aiming to identify novel behavioral profiles of ADHD based on ecological and performance-based measures of inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity. One hundred and ten Spanish-speaking participants (6–16 years) with ADHD (medication-naïve, n = 57) and typically developing participants (n = 53) completed AULA, a continuous performance test embedded in virtual reality. We performed hybrid hierarchical k-means clustering methods over the whole sample on the normalized t-scores of AULA main indices. A five-cluster structure was the most optimal solution. We did not replicate ADHD subtypes. Instead, we identified two clusters sharing clinical scores on attention indices, susceptibility to distraction, and head motor activity, but with opposing scores on mean reaction time and commission errors; two clusters with good performance; and one cluster with average scores but increased response variability and slow RT. DSM-5 subtypes cut across cluster profiles. Our results suggest that latency of response and response inhibition could serve to distinguish among ADHD subpopulations and guide neuropsychological interventions. Motor activity, in contrast, seems to be a common feature among ADHD subgroups. This study highlights the poor feasibility of categorical systems to parse ADHD heterogeneity and the added value of data-driven approaches and VR-based assessments to obtain an accurate characterization of cognitive functioning in individuals with and without ADHD.

Problematic smartphone use (PSU) is an uncontrollable behavior that impedes the ability to stop using it despite potential negative consequences. This excessive behavior has been considered in the research field as a behavioral addiction, as literature has shown common characteristics with behavioral addictions, including its impulsivity-driven factor. However, impulsivity is a multidimensional construct whose specific traits lead differently to each addiction. Hence, the present study aimed to address the different existent PSU profiles depending on their individual impulsivity personality traits. To this end, N = 412 adults (average age 31.91, SD = 11.70, including 108 men and 304 women) were recruited to explore their daily smartphone usage, level of smartphone addiction (SAS-SV) and impulsivity profile across the five impulsivity personality traits (UPPS-P). Cluster analysis revealed the existence of three different profiles: one without PSU; one showing an excessive impulsively but almost no addictive smartphone use, expressing only a loss of control symptomatology; and one showing excessive impulsively but also addictive smartphone patterns, driven mainly by the impulsivity personality traits of negative urgency, positive urgency and lack of premeditation. Therefore, this study showed the impulsivity personality traits that differentiate excessive from addictive smartphone use, which is valuable information for the development of more precise prevention and interventions programs.

La competencia en conciencia cultural y expresiones artísticas como medio de atender a la diversidad .

La idea base de esta obra artística es crear comunidad bordando; incentivar comunidades cuyos miembros cultiven la atención y la observación de sí mismos y se encaminen hacia una convivencia pacífica en el reconocimiento de sí mismos y del otro. El proyecto TEJIDO es el resultado de la investigación en varias fuentes tanto de Oriente como de Occidente, toma la potencia de diversos pensamientos y se sustenta en prácticas antiguas. Esta obra es en sí misma un tejido, está en el cruce de diferentes maneras de ver el mundo; presenta una simultaneidad de geografías y tiempos.