The volume of the food produced across the world should be related to agricultural sustainability and is crucial for natural capital protection. Hence, sustainability assessment on farms and the identification of improvements is relevant. A mixed farm of vineyard and olive trees was chosen for sustainability assessment, based on the Best Management Practices (BMPs) that have been implemented. The aim of this research was to assess sustainability on a mixed vineyard and olive-grove farm and validate the INSPIA model for this kind of typology of a farm, which is very typical in the South of Spain. The sustainability assessment was monitored across 5-agricultural seasons based on the INSPIA methodology. INSPIA is based on the application of a set of BMPs, calculated on 31 basic indicators, providing a final composite index of sustainability. The greater the implementation of sustainable farming practices, the higher the value of the composite index. Enhanced soil, water, and air quality, improvement for biodiversity and for ecosystem services help towards sustainable agricultural productivity. Indicators’ results are shown during that period, depicting their relationship with the BMPs. The highest composite index was reached in the 4th year. This paper confirms the relevance of BMPs, such as groundcover establishment and minimum soil disturbance to upgrade sustainability on the permanent croplands in Southern Spain. The indicator-based sustainability assessment is considered a helpful tool in decision-making, which guides farmers towards BMPs performance.

This study provided graphical information that may assist the dental professional in determining which occlusal contacts should be modified to attain condylar and balanced centric occlusion.

Augmented reality and virtual reality are innovative technologies applied to the area of graphic expression with increasing influence on the teaching–learning process. Although these innovative resources enable new forms of teaching, it remains unclear how these artificial applications can impact students’ motivation. The aim of this paper was to evaluate how virtual exercises increase the motivation level in different typologies of university students. The sample was composed of graduate (master’s degree) and undergraduate students (three engineering degrees) of the University of Cordoba. These tools were available to students through four devices: mobile phones, tablets, computers and virtual reality goggles. The motivation of the students was evaluated through the modified Instructional Materials Motivation Survey by the attention, relevance, confidence and satisfaction motivational model. The results obtained through a 5-point Likert scale showed that these innovative resources significantly improved the students’ motivation level, especially concerning the ‘relevance’ aspect (M = 4.01; SD = 0.98). The virtual resources also increased the understanding of the exercises and their spatial vision (M = 3.80; SD = 1.14). Of the total sample, 63.83% students considered the virtual reality goggles as the most suitable device to visualize graphic expression exercises.

Olive picking is one of the most common social agricultural activities in many regions of Andalusia where the predominant crop is the traditional olive grove. The machinery used includes shakers, blowers and an essential low-cost type: hand-rake sweepers. The latter are generally used by the women of the squads to sweep the olives that fall from the trees. This article is focused on the design and optimisation of a hand-rake sweeper, in terms of durability and cost, for the picking of olives and other fruits, such as almonds, which are currently the main alternative to non-perennial crops in Andalusia. A parametric design of a hand-rake sweeper was created for this application using the design software CATIA, and its most vulnerable points were analysed in terms of effectiveness with varying design parameters, conducting usage simulations with ANSYS for a light material such as polypropylene. The maximum von Mises stress of the whole structure was 155.81 MPa. Using ANSYS, the dimension parameters of the hand-rake sweeper structure were optimised. The modified design was analysed again, showing a reduction of maximum tensions of 10.06%, as well as a decrease in its maximum elongations (0.0181 mm).

El hallazgo fortuito de parte de la canalización que abastecía a la población de Montilla (España) desde finales del s. XIX, y que tuvo lugar en septiembre de 2017 por el servicio de bomberos de la ciudad, originó un estudio académico al respecto. El ingeniero José María Sánchez-Molero y Lleguet proyectó dicha canalización, desde el manantial “Fuente del Cuadrado” hasta unos depósitos situados en la Casa de las Aguas (Montilla) en 1868. De dichas construcciones no quedan restos, excepto los encontrados por los bomberos y Ayuntamiento. Los objetivos de la investigación consisten en la recogida, análisis e interpretación de toda la documentación gráfica y documental existente al respecto; la modelización del sistema de captación en la Fuente del Cuadrado y del terreno circundante; y su ubicación virtual sobre el modelo digital del terreno (MDT) en base a los planos de Sánchez-Molero y a las características de la superficie topográfica (cotas, pendientes, disposición de las líneas de talud). El análisis de estos datos justifica el sitio y orientación de todo el sistema de captación en la zona de los manantiales; el discurrir de la tubería, así como la ubicación de la casa de las bombas, ya que el agua descendía por gravedad desde su salida en el depósito del sistema de captación hasta el arroyo del Cuadrado, para subir por vasos comunicantes hasta los 334 m donde se situaban las bombas para impulsar el agua hasta los depósitos de suministro. La ubicación propuesta ayudaría a los arqueólogos a su hallazgo real y a su difusión cultural entre el público general; máxime cuando por dicha ubicación pasa la ruta larga de las fuentes de Montilla. El uso del modelo generado permitiría al senderista conocer in situ, mediante tecnologías de realidad virtual y aumentada, el sistema de captación diseñado por el ilustre ingeniero, impulsando el turismo cultural del agua.