Tiger nut (Cyperus esculentus L.), or chufa, is a plant that is found in nature and is cultivated for its edible tubers. The purpose of this study was to determine the chemical composition, nutritive value, and in vitro digestibility of three tiger nut varieties using the in vitro gas production technique. These varieties were Sarışeker (yellow), Introduction 1, and Balyumru (brown). Rumen fluid was obtained from two cannulated Holstein animals. Time-dependent in vitro gas production was monitored at 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours of incubation. The varieties differed in dry matter (DM), crude ash (CA), ether extract (EE), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), and non-fibre carbohydrate (NFC) content (P <0.05). They also differed in the instantaneous volume of gas produced and in time-dependent gas production. Balyumru produced more gas at the onset of incubation than Introduction 1 and Sarışeker. However, over time, the gas produced by digestion of Introduction 1 exceeded the other two varieties. The amounts of gas produced at each time-point were intercorrelated. It is recommended that these results should lead to further evaluation in in vivo studies. Keywords: chemical composition, energy content, in vitro gas production

Some physical and mechanical properties of two tiger nut varieties (Sarışeker and Balyumru) were determined at four moisture contents. Physical properties including length, width, thickness, geometric mean diameter, mass, 1000-tuber mass, bulk density, tuber density, surface area, terminal velocity, angle of repose, porosity, and friction coefficient were affected by moisture content at a 1% probability level, excluding sphericity. All parameters decreased with a decrease in moisture content except tuber density, porosity, and firmness. Variety only had a statistically significant effect on width, geometric mean diameter surface area, and terminal velocity at different probability levels. Force, deformation, firmness, energy absorbed, and power requirement, which were investigated as mechanical properties, were also affected by moisture content at a 1% probability level. It was also found that the variety and loading position had no significant effect on firmness and energy absorbed, respectively. Varieties showed differences in terms of 1000-tuber mass, sphericity, terminal velocity and angle of repose, length, geometric mean diameter, surface area, porosity, force, and energy absorbed at different probability levels.

The study was aimed to evaluate the adaptability and stability of the soybean genotypes based on the seed yield and the other observed characteristics in the sites cultivated second crop soybean of Turkey which have Mediterranean climate conditions using the GGE biplot analysis method. The experiments were performed under irrigated conditions in 2014, 2015 and 2016 in four different locations (Adana, Antalya, Izmir and Sanliurfa) of Turkey. Fourteen soybean genotypes consisting of 10 advanced soybean lines and four standard varieties were analyzed by a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. The combined analysis of variance revealed significant (P<0.01) effects for all sources of variation (environment, genotype, and G×E interaction) for the seed yield and yield components. Genotype and environment accounted for about 2.59% and 51.04% of the total variation for seed yield, respectively, while the GE interaction explained 20.84% of the total variation. According to the GGE principle, five mega-environments were formed in the present study. Results of the research revealed that genotypes G8 (KANA), G9 (KASM 02), G11 (ARISOY), G3 (BATEM 306), G1 (BATEM 207) and G12 (ATAEM 7) were found as stable. According to GGE Biplot analysis for all traits and genotypes, G4 (BATEM 317) had the largest values for plant height, first pod height, days to 50% flowering, days to maturity and seed yield.

Seed yields of 14 soybean genotypes were evaluated in four locations i.e. Adana, Şanlıurfa, Antalya and İzmir under second crop conditions through summer seasons from 2014 to 2016. The study aims to estimate the stability parameters in terms of seed yield of 14 soybean genotypes by using different stability analysis methods across eleven environmental conditions and to study interrelationships among these stability methods. The analysis of variance for seed yield revealed that the genotypes and the environments as well as the genotype x environment interactions (GEI) were statistically significant at P<0.01. Environmental effects were contributed 51.04% to the total sum of squares whereas GEI and genotype effects were 20.8% and 2.59%, respectively. According to most stability methods, BATEM 223, BATEM 306, BATEM 317 and KASM 02 were determined to be stable genotypes. These genotypes demonstrated superior adaptability with high yield performances in many environments. Results of correlation analysis indicated that seed yield was positively and significantly correlated with Di 2 (P<0.01), Si (6) (P<0.05) and TOP (P<0.01) and showed a negative and significant correlation with Pi (P<0.01) and RS (P<0.01). In addition, the coefficient of regression (bi) was positively significant associated with CVi, αi (P<0.01) and Ri 2 (P<0.05).

This study was carried out in Adana province for two years (2016, 2017) to determine the effect of wilting times on soybean haylage. All of the harvests were made using the conditioner mower in the development phase of soybean R6. The harvested soybean forage was allowed to wilt for 4 different wilting times under field conditions. Small-scale haylage bales of 40-50 kg weight were prepared for each subject. These bales were wrapping with 4 layers of polyethylene material without any additives and storage to ferment for 60 days. The wilting time was based on crude protein, acid detergent fiber, neutral detergent fiber, digestible dry matter, dry matter consumption and relative feed value was found to have an effective statistical significance at 1% (p<0.01) significance level. Furthermore, it was determined that wilting time was effective at 1% (p <0.01) significance level on haylage bales weight, dry matter content, pH and haylage bales density. As a result, it was determined that the highest value in terms of relative feed value were obtained by wrapping the haylage after 18h -22h of wilting. In addition, it was determined that in terms of crude protein, roughage quality was reduced by 31.4% on average with 80h wilting compared with the other applications.