Purpose: To investigate the implications of the Addaptive Market Hypothesis (AMH) on Turkish stock exchange market (Borsa Istanbul) indices as an emerging economy. BIST-100, BIST-30 and BIST-All indices are subjected to the analyses for the period between January 2002 and April 2017. Design/Methodology/Approach: Two-year rolling windows and daily test values were calculated by using linear methods (Variance Ratio Test) and nonlinear methods (BDS test) to investigate the market efficiency. Findings: According to the Variance Ratio Test results, index returns are unpredictable, that is, the market is efficient, while the results of nonlinear analysis show the existence of adaptive market hypothesis. In particular, all three indices display efficiency in the 2013-2016 period implying that returns were not predictable in this period. The results of the non-linear analysis show that the market is efficient from time to time and sometimes deviates from efficiency, indicating the validity of the adaptive market hypothesis in Borsa Istanbul. Practical Implications: The changes in the market efficiency from time to time should be considered while taking important investment decisions. Moreover, according to AMH, since trends, panics, bubbles and crashes exist in the market, arbitrage opportunities arise time to time, and market timing is an important issue to catch the profit opportunities. Therefore, as a further study, matching the important events with the efficiency of the market could provide more insights about timing the market. Originality/Value: To the best of authors' knowledge, this is the first comprehensive study that examines the index based AMH in Borsa Istanbul. This study is believed to contribute to the literature by giving insights about the evolution of market efficiency in Turkey.

Problem statement: The children and adolescent period is critical time to acquire positive lifestyle habits. The aim of this study is to investigate the physical activity level of children aged between 9-10 accordance with their BMI's and socio-economic level of their school environments. This study also reviewed the articles about physical activity level of children, its relation to their socio-economic status and some other related tasks. Inactive life style sustained together with bad eating habits brings many healthy problems such as obesity and cardiovascular disease Approach: Technological development brings with it improving life style causing sedentary life for the public in developed and also developing Country. Physical activity can be viewed as a form of healthy life because it predicts functioning and adaptation and offers capabilities that enable people to live healthy. In this purposed three different socio-economic levels of six schools were determined accordance with declaration of National Education Department in Beykoz province. Each couple of school reflected one's Socio-Economic Status (SES). Totally 250 students from three different SES were participated (low-SES, n = 92; middle-SES, n = 73; high-SES, n = 85). Student's height and weight were measured and their Body Mass Index (BMI) was determined. BMIs were classified according to Cole's BMI tables which were underweight, normal, overweight and obese. Children Physical Activity Questionnaire (CPAQ), which is proposed by World Health Organization, was used for assessment of their Physical Activity Level (PAL). Data from the questionnaires was collected in a suitable relational database and analyzed with SPSS statistical package. Logit log linear analysis was applied to understand the trend of qualitative variables (SES, BMIs and PALs). Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the physical activity level of children aged between 9-10 accordance with their BMI's and socio-economic level of their school environments. Results and Conclusion: It was observed that the effects of SES, gender and BMI on PAL were not statistically significant (p>0.05). On the other hand, there were a significant interaction between PAL and SES (p<0.01); PAL, SES and BMI (p<0.05); and also PAL, SES and Gender (p<0.05). The results would be more reliable when the study performed in big population and different provinces of the big cities in further studies.

Background: Despite of the increasing knowledge and developing technology anastomotic leak (AL) is still a serious complication of colorectal surgery. The aim of this study was to evaluate the management and outcomes of AL after colorectal surgery. Methods:The study included all patients diagnosed with AL after colorectal surgical procedures between January 2005 and December 2009. Patient demographics, diagnoses, AL management protocols, and outcomes were reviewed. Since the highest AL rate was detected for right hemicolectomy, two groups were identified based on the index surgery in order to determine the differences between the patients: right hemicolectomy and other procedures. Results:In total, 28 of 550 (5.1%) patients that underwent colorectal surgical procedures were diagnosed with AL. There were 24 males with a median age of 61 (35-93) years. Right hemicolectomy was associated with the highest procedure-specific AL rate (10.44%). In the right hemicolectomy group, patients had higher ASA scores, underwent more frequent emergency procedures, and majority of them were operated by residents comparing to the other procedures group (p<0.05). Twenty-four patients required surgical intervention for AL, and 23 patients that underwent re-operation required a stoma; end colostomy was the most frequent procedure (50%). AL-specific morbidity rate was 57.1% whereas the mortality rate among the patients with AL was 25%.Conclusion: AL after colorectal surgery is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Patients with high ASA score, emergency procedure, and inexperienced surgeon may be factors requiring extra attention in terms of high AL risk after right hemicolectomy comparing to the other colorectal procedures.

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