An association between migraine and RLS among different primary headache disorders is demonstrated. Comorbid RLS in migraine patients worsened sleep quality. A shared underlying mechanism may account for the correlates between migraine features and comorbid RLS.

Migraine is a common neurological disorder and can be severely disabling during attacks. The highest prevalence occurs between the ages of 25 and 55 years, potentially the most productive period of life. Migraine leads to a burden not only for the individual, but also for the family and society in general. Prior studies have found that migraine occurs together with other illnesses at a greater coincidental rate than is seen in the general population. These occurrences are called “comorbidities,” which means that these disorders are interrelated with migraine. To delineate the comorbidities of migraine is important, because it can help improve treatment strategies and the understanding of the possible pathophysiology of migraine. The comorbid illnesses in patients with migraine include stroke, sub-clinical vascular brain lesions, coronary heart disease, hypertension, patent foramen ovale, psychiatric diseases (depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, panic disorder, and suicide), restless legs syndrome, epilepsy and asthma. In this paper, we review the existing epidemiological and hospital-based studies, and illustrate the connections between these illnesses and migraine.

Background and Purpose-The study aimed to assess whether onset headache is an ominous sign in patients with first-ever ischemic stroke. Methods-A large population of ischemic stroke patients was obtained from the Taiwan Stroke Registry. Stroke subtypes were classified by the Trial of ORG 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment (TOAST) criteria. On the basis of the International Classification of Headache Disorders, second version, onset headache was defined as a new headache that developed at the onset of ischemic stroke. Clinical features and impact on stroke outcomes, including in-hospital stroke in evolution, changes in National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale on discharge, and Barthel index and modified Rankin scale ≤6 months after stroke were compared between those with and without onset headache. Results-Among 11 523 patients with first-ever ischemic stroke, 848 had onset headache (7.4%). Patients with specific cause, large-artery atherosclerosis, or cardioembolism were more likely to have onset headache. Patients with onset headache were younger, predominantly female, and more likely to have posterior circulation ischemic lesions. Compared with patients without onset headache, those with onset headache had a lower frequency of stroke in evolution (4.5% versus 6.7%; adjusted relative risk, 0.64; 95% confidence interval, 0. after stroke onset). [6][7][8][9][10][11][12] Most previous studies do not specify these differences and as such, the frequencies of stroke-related headache vary from 8% to 34%. [1][2][3][4][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] In fact, stroke-related headache at different time points may result from different mechanisms and may have varying clinical effects. A large sample of patients with stroke-related headache in a well-defined time frame and a systematic follow-up of clinical features and outcomes are required to delineate the clinical impact of stroke-related headaches. The present study sought to investigate the prevalence of onset headache in patients with first-ever ischemic stroke and assess its clinical significance using a nationwide prospective registration of stroke patients. Methods Data SourceThe Taiwan Stroke Registry (TSR) was a government-funded project that identified acute stroke admissions. Formally launched on August 1, 2006, it involved 39 academic and community hospitals diffusely covering the entire country, with 4 steps of quality control to ensure the reliability of entered data. All data were compiled prospectively by TSR-trained neurologists and study nurses, and all enrolled patients were visited by physiatrists, who started rehabilitation within 72 hours after admission. More than 42 000 patients with stroke were registered when the present study was undertaken. Approval of TSR as a human study protocol was obtained from the institutional review board of each participating hospital, and all subjects provided signed informed consents and permission for follow-up.The data collection, quality-assurance processes, and preliminary results of the stroke patient...