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A top-down approach for workflow design is proposed in the framework of Petri net theory. Simple but powerful refinement rules are proposed that guarantee soundness of the resulting workflow nets. The refinement process supports the definition of regions, which are parts of the workflow that correspond to logistically related items. Exception handlers can be associated to regions. Defining regions helps determining the impact areas of the unexpected events during workflow execution.

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We present a method for hierarchically generating sound workflow nets by substitution of nets with multiple inputs and outputs. We show that our method is correct and generalizes the class of nets generated by other hierarchical approaches. We identify a notion of soundness that is preserved by such substitutions and correct a small omission in an earlier similar method.

Eye tracking methodology is used to examine the influence of interactive multimedia on the allocation of visual attention and its dynamics during learning. We hypothesized that an interactive simulation promotes more organized switching of attention between different elements of multimedia learning material, e.g., textual description and pictorial visualization. Participants studied a description of an algorithm accompanied either by an interactive simulation, self-paced animation, or static illustration. Using a novel framework for entropy-based comparison of gaze transition matrices, results showed that the interactive simulation elicited more careful visual investigation of the learning material as well as reading of the problem description through to its completion.