Our concerns have been raised about whether prolonged exposure to ammunition-related chemicals could correlate with genomic instability predisposing to lung carcinogenesis. The group of professional soldiers engaged in routine ammunition analysis and its explosive properties testing. To assess the presence of an innate genetic profile, DNA isolated from swabs was analyzed with LungCarta and HS Lung Panels and MassARRAY Analyzer 4 mass spectrometry. The presence of new somatic single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) was detected with liquid biopsy technique and circulating cell-free DNA (ccfDNA) isolation, which was further analyzed with UltraSeek Lung Panel. Both genetic profiles obtained for each individual were compared. Genetic analysis revealed that in professional soldiers with long-term exposure to ammunition-related toxic chemicals, new SNPs in genes related to lung carcinogenesis are present. The preliminary data indicate that using modern molecular techniques could be a valuable tool for monitoring the genome instability in context of occupational risk of harmful volatile toxic compounds and improving personnel safety. The analyzed group will be further enlarged, and follow-up studies will be continued.