In modern reconstructive medicine, personalized bone substitutes provide therapeutic hope for patients with non-standard bone defects. The study aims to present a description of a case of using a personalized bone substitute material, taking into account the vascular connections formed after a previous skin transplant.  The 29-year-old patient was admitted to the plastic surgery department urgently after being electrocuted with high voltage. Due to extensive scalp burns, a skin graft was performed in the area of previously removed skin along with a charred skull bone vault.  After a few months, the patient was qualified for cranioplasty with the use of personalized bone substitutes. The necessity to make cuts around the vascular connections present in the transplanted tissue was the main difficulty in the for the operator.  The operation was successful and the recovery was uneventful. The patient was discharged home in good general and local condition.  The presented case illustrates the need to take into account creating vascular connections with the use of personalized bone substitutes in patients after skin transplants.

SGLT-2 inhibitors (flozins) are one of the new classes of anti-diabetic drugs, used from 2012. They are highly recommended in case of intolerance or contraindication of metformin, but in Poland they are used usually as third-line drug after metformin and sulfonylurea. They growing popularity is caused by their significance in cardiovascular risk reduction and preventive role in according to diabetes complications like chronic kidney disease, or diabetes-induced dementia. The aid of this article is to summarize the knowledge on the risk of psoriasis development in diabetic patients cured with flozins.             In according to the newest studies, flozins may be considered as a pro-psoriatic factor, increasing the risk of this skin disease, especially in patients with diabetic kidney disease. But on the other hand, SGLT-2 inhibitors have significantly decreasing effect on cardiovascular risk, which is increased in psoriatic patients.

Introduction and aim. Neutropenic enterocolitis is a severe disease that affects patients with immunodeficiency and is often related with the chemotherapy of the hematologic malignancies. Its pathophysiology is not fully understood. Neutropenic colitis may lead to sepsis, gastrointestinal bleeding and even perforations requiring surgical management. The therapy consists of antibiotic therapy, transfusions, hematopoietic growth factor treatment, usage of fluids and electrolytes, bowel rest and even surgical operations. The aim of this review is to consider the potential usage of probiotics in the prevention and treatment of neutropenic enterocolitis. Material and methods. References for that article were found through PubMed and Google Scholar, using terms: “neutropenic enterocolitis” and “probiotics”, or “gut microbiota” and “neutropenic enterocolitis”. The research was limited to abstracts and available full-text articles. Analysis of the literature. The most possible mechanism of neutropenic enterocolitis development appoints bacterial invasion with co-existing immunodeficiency. The probiotics appeal as beneficial agents in both prevention and treatment of neutropenic enterocolitis in according to their impact on gut immune barrier improvement. However older societies’ guidelines were cautious, the most modern ones appoint probiotics as a promising agent in neutropenic enterocolitis, what corresponds with results from current randomized clinical trials. Conclusion. As neutropenic enterocolitis is a severe disease we need to look for better or alternative therapies of that state. The probiotics seems to have beneficial effects in terms of prevention and treatment of neutropenic enterocolitis due to their impact on gut immune barrier. Benefits of such therapy are reflected in current societies’ guidelines which consider probiotics as a promising agent in neutropenic enterocolitis.