Background The forehead has substantial importance as an aesthetic unit. The central and supraorbital parts of this area are supplied by the supratrochlear (ST) and supraorbital (SO) arteries, as well as the recently defined paracentral (PA) and central arteries. Objectives This study aimed to assess the morphometry of the vessels of the forehead in the context of plastic surgery and minimally invasive cosmetic procedures. Methods This research included 40 cadavers who were directed for forensic autopsy and subjected to postmortem computed tomography angiography. In total, 75 hemifaces were examined for the course and location of arteries, relative to the bones and surrounding structures. Results The arteries were observed as follow: ST in 97.3%, SO in 89.3% and PA in 44.0%. The PA can be expected in the 13 mm wide zone starting 2 mm laterally from the midline. The ST should be expected in the 10 mm wide area extended laterally from the tenth millimeter from the midline and the SO should be expected in the slightly wider (11 mm) area extending laterally from the 20th millimeter from the midline. For the proximal main trunks of the ST and SO arteries, we observed no overlap between the zones of occurrence, whereas the zones for the PA and ST main proximal trunks did overlap. No distinctive central artery was observed in the midline region of the forehead, but instead, a network of small vessels in the midline region was visible. Conclusion The ST is the main and most conservative artery of this region, while the PA is the most variable. A unique and detailed anatomical map was created to better understand the vasculature of the forehead area.

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The number of medico-legal post-mortem examinations referring to newborns is considerably low: In the case of the Chair and Department of Forensic Medicine of the author's origin, the autopsy rate of such cases is less than 1%. Even experienced forensic pathologists can find the technical autopsy procedure of a newborn quite difficult. Post-mortem imaging using unenhanced post-mortem computed tomography (PMCT) gives only a limited opportunity to help in conventional autopsy examination. By adding contrast medium (CA) administration, we can significantly expand diagnostic capabilities. However, the post-mortem computed tomography angiography (PMCTA) technique has already been developed mostly in adult death cases (as considerably much more frequent), and no standardised protocol for examination of children exists. The authors present the dual-phase PMCTA examination of a newborn by manual CA administration using the access to umbilical vessels (vein and artery) unveiling transposition of the great arteries (TGA). The results are presented as multiplanar reformatted (MPR) images and three-dimensional (3D) images by volume/surface-rendered reconstructions, giving a contribution towards proving the value of forensic imaging in post-mortem examinations of heart and vascular malformations in newborns.

StreszczenieCel pracy: Problematyka zgonów osób z wnętrza samochodu w wyniku wypadków komunikacyjnych stanowi istotną grupę zagadnień w medycynie sądowej. Opiniowanie w tym zakresie obejmuje przede wszystkim określenie przyczyny zgonu oraz udział medyka sądowego w procesie rekonstrukcji przebiegu zdarzenia drogowego poprzez określenie mechanizmu powstania obrażeń ciała. Zakres opinii, jej dokładność i szczegółowość w dużym stopniu zależą od zakresu sądowo-lekarskiego badania pośmiertnego. W tym kontekście istotne są techniki zwiększające możliwości standardowej sekcji zwłok. W pracy przedstawiono wyniki pośmiertnego badania tomografią komputerową (post mortem computed tomography -PMCT) ofiar wypadków drogowych z wnętrza samochodu (kierowca, pasażer), które zestawiono z wynikami standardowej sekcji zwłok, określając zakres, w jakim badanie PMCT zwiększa w sposób istotny możliwości badania pośmiertnego. Materiał i metody: Analizie poddano 118 przypadków ofiar z wnętrza samochodu (kierowcy i pasażerowie), badanych w latach 2012-2014. Sekcja zwłok w każdym przypadku poprzedzona była badaniem PMCT przy użyciu aparatu Somatom Emotion 16 (Siemens AG, Niemcy). Wyniki: Wyniki badań zaprezentowano w formie tabelarycznej. Wnioski: Pośmiertne badanie tomografią komputerową w przypadku ofiar wypadków komunikacyjnych (kierowca -pasażer) ma istotne znaczenie dla zwiększenia szczegółowości wyników, zwłaszcza w zakresie obrażeń kostnych i przestrzeni gazowych.Słowa kluczowe: wypadki drogowe, medycyna sądowa, pośmiertna tomografia komputerowa. AbstractAim of the study: Deaths of in-vehicle victims (drivers and passengers) of road accidents represent a significant group of issues addressed by forensic medicine. Expressing opinions in this regard involves first of all the determination of the cause of death and the forensic pathologist's participation in the process of road accident reconstruction through defining the mechanism of bodily harm. The scope of the opinion as well as its accuracy and degree of detail largely depend on the scope of forensic autopsy. In this context, techniques that broaden the capabilities of standard autopsy are of particular importance. This paper compares the results of post mortem computed tomography (PMCT) of road Praca oryginalna Original paper archiwum medycyny sądowej i kryminologii

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