The scientific evidence clearly demonstrates that human activity plays a significant role in the changes to the world's climate, and it is crucial to take adaptive actions to mitigate the impacts of these changes. Effective climate adaptation requires raising awareness among a variety of key stakeholders, such as executives and staff in the public and private sectors, while assessing the incentives and actions they undertake and allowing them to act at various levels of engagement, ranging from global to local. The aim of this study was to investigate the levels of awareness, perceived values, recommendations and expectations regarding climate change among key actors in Greece, focusing on the consequences of climate change in the country and the concurrent adaptation actions taken by stakeholders. A web-based survey was designed and conducted, and responses were systematically collected, categorized and analyzed. The key stakeholders believed that planning and implementing adaptation measures are crucial in addressing and minimizing the impacts of climate change. However, it was also noted that these plans and measures alone are insufficient to counteract the long-term, devastating consequences of climate change in Greece, and more comprehensive and targeted measures must be adopted. It was also concluded that the main obstacle to addressing and adapting to climate change in terms of public policy planning in Greece is the lack of human and financial resources, particularly among public institutions.

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Stakeholder mapping and analysis is essential in Climate Change Adaptation (CCA) projects to assess and identify the needs of stakeholders (SHs). For the mapping of actors involved in adaptation planning and implementation in Greece, a multi-criteria analysis is followed. The SHs involved in CCA in Greece were divided into national and regional level stakeholders. The stakeholder analysis was based on the mapping of SHs identified through the organizational charts of relevant institutions and by other projects with a direct or indirect link to CCA. The relative importance of each stakeholder for the purposes of this analysis was assessed by evaluating their Power, Proximity and Urgency with respect to CCA and assigning specific weighting factors for each criterion, to calculate a single Priority Index. Based on the Priority Index value, SHs were classified as low, medium and high priority for CCA both at the national and regional level. At the national level, ministerial directorates are assessed as high priority, followed by academic and research centers as medium priority. At the regional level, high index values were calculated for the Special Directorate of Environment and Spatial Planning. The General Directorate of Civil Protection and Directorate of European Programs are assessed as medium and low priority respectively.

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The assessment of the applicability and suitability of potential measures and instruments is crucial in the strategic planning of water resources management. This paper presents a methodology founded on scenario analysis for assessing potentially applicable water management options in a regional context with respect to their efficiency, extent of application, cost and environmental impact.Formulation, analysis and evaluation of the different scenarios are performed through a developed GIS-based Decision Support System (DSS). Selected options can be simulated under varying availability and demand conditions, so as to monitor their performance and define the extent of their applicability. The behaviour of the water system is subsequently assessed and evaluated for each examined option in comparison to a baseline scenario. The evaluation, based on computation of indicators and multicriteria analysis, evolves around and reflects the principles of Integrated Water Resources Management, Economic Efficiency, Environmental Sustainability, and Social Equity. Temporal aggregation of indicator time series is conducted through the computation of appropriate statistical criteria. Additional aspects that are addressed concern the computation of the total cost incurred by water uses and provision of water services, including Financial (Direct) costs, Resource costs, and Environmental costs from pollution and (over) abstraction. Finally, indicator values can be used to derive a Performance Matrix, which permits the ranking of the identified options and the selection of those that are deemed most appropriate for the formulation of strategic plans.Modelled management options pertain to four categories: Measures related with Supply Enhancement, introducing new structural interventions to increase water availability; Measures of Demand Management, aiming to control and limit water demands and wasteful water use; Regional Development measures, affecting socio-economic preferences and finally Institutional policies, such as alternative water pricing structures and economic incentives.The methodology is demonstrated through an application in the case of Paros Island, Greece, where the developing tourist industry creates large seasonal peaks in water demand, requiring the selection of appropriate mitigation methods. Scenarios were formulated and evaluated for water management options identified by local Stakeholders and proposed in existing management plans.