No abstract

Perubahan Iklim Global juga dirasakan di Indonesia. Berdasarkan data curah hujanantara 1978-2005 telah terjadi kecenderungan penurunan curah hujan denganpeningkatan suhu sebesar 0,04 – 0,047° C/tahun. Karst Wonogiri yang terletak diKabupaten Wonogiri selalu mengalami masalah tahunan berupa kekeringan di musimkemarau. Penelitian ini berjudul Dampak Perubahan Iklim terhadap Neraca Air SecaraMeteorologi dengan Metode Thornthwaite-Mather untuk Analisis Kekritisan Air di KarstWonogiri. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah: 1). mengetahui kondisi curah hujan tahunanselama perubahan iklim di Karst Wonogiri, 2). mengetahui nilai kemampuan menahanair/Water Holding Capacity (WHC) di Karst Wonogiri, dan 3). menganalisis neraca airsecara meteorologis berdasarkan metode Thornthwhite Matter di Karst Wonogiri.Metode analisis imbangan air yang digunakan adalah Thorthwaite Mather untukmenentukan ketersediaan air. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh adalah: (1) Kondisi curahhujan tahunan di Karst Wonogiri masih termasuk kategori sedang, dengan tebal hujantahunan bisa mencapai 2000 mm. Fluktuasi curah hujan tahunan tidak terlalu tinggi (200-500 mm per tahun); (2) Perhitungan nilai WHC sebesar 112,92 menunjukkan bahwakemampuan lahan di wilayah penelitian untuk menyimpan dan mengikat air termasukrendah yang disebabkan oleh jenis tanah yang ada memiliki solum tanah dangkal hinggasedang serta struktur tanah kersai dan pasiran. Jenis vegetasi penutup yang berupapalawija dengan zone parakaran dangkal juga mempengaruhi besarnya nilai WHC; (3)Analisis neraca air secara meteorologis dapat disimpulkan bahwa ketersediaan air daricurah hujan di wilayah ini termasuk cukup tinggi dengan 7-8 bulan yang surplus. (4)Indeks kekritisan air sebesar 0,56 termasuk dalam kategori mendekati kritisKata kunci: Perubahan iklim, imbangan air

<p><em>Karst is identical with arid, rocky areas and often drought disasters every year. Besides the drought, there are several hazards in the karst area.  This study aims to review the various hazards that occur in the Gunungsewu Karst area and mitigation efforts that can be done. Multiple hazards are base on karst hydrological and geomorphological characteristics. This study is base on a literature review in several related studies, both in karst areas and in the research in the same area. Based on the results of the study, it was found that there are four types of hazards found in Gunungsewu Karst areas, namely drought, flooding, pollution, and collapse.  In general, mitigation efforts that can be carried out are mapping hazards, monitoring, and increasing the capacity of people in karst areas. However, mitigation efforts are specifically made based on the type of hazards. It was done so that the existing hazards do not pose a disaster risk.</em></p>

Increasing population density affects clean water reserves in Surakarta City. Free groundwater reserves in 2015 during the transition season in Solo is merely 1.34 billion L, whereas the amount of confined groundwater at the same time is up to 21 billion L. Solo population’s water requirement, however, is 51 million L/day or 18.62 billion L/year; therefore, it is predicted that well water crisis will occur in 2020. Population growth rate and the emergence of other supporting facilities in Surakarta result in a rapid change in agricultural lands into housing and industrial areas. The land utilization conversion becomes one of groundwater pollution sources and contributes to the entry of pollutants into the groundwater. This research aims to find out free groundwater vulnerability level to pollution and distribution of each DRASTIC parameter as well as land utilization for Surakarta City territories. The research is conducted using weighting method and parameter appraisal consists of DRASTIC parameters as main parameters and land utilization as development parameter. According to data obtained, the overall free groundwater in Surakarta territories indicates a high vulnerability level to pollution. Factors that are estimated to influencing the high level of the vulnerability include: soil texture that is dominated by loam, sand, and gravel, and land utilization.

A prolonged absence of rainfall that results in a temporary reduction or deficit in the amount of natural water available is known as drought. The goal of this article is to examine how drought indices from various nations might be used to simulate the features of drought. Understanding the various drought indexes, as well as their benefits and drawbacks, is crucial. The literature review methodology is employed in this investigation. The Standardized Precipitation Index, or SPI, is the output of the most used modeling technique. Because this technique solely uses the rainfall series, it was discovered that about 57% of the articles utilizing the SPI drought index used the SPI index. The Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI), Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), Standardized Runoff Index (SRI), Standardized Streamflow Index (SSI), and Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index were used to find additional articles, nevertheless (SPEI). According to several studies, the study methodology often compares drought index approaches using hydrological and meteorological data. It is envisaged that this approach might be applied in other nations to see a place from multiple angles with regard to its hydrology and meteorology.