Objective: To investigate morphological changes in the endometrial epithelial cells of patients with infertility problems. Materials and methods: Endometrial biopsies were obtained from 10 women who have undergone several unsuccessful in vitro fertilisation (IVF) procedures. Endometrial biopsies were performed between luteinizing hormone surge days LH+6 to +10 of the natural menstrual cycle. Each sample was divided into three parts, which were processed for histological, transmission (TEM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) investigations. Results: Histological investigations demonstrated significant alterations in the apical part of epithelial cells of one patient; in four patients, the gland maturity was low, not matching the cycle day, and thus a phase lag had developed. By TEM examination, we ascertained changes in secretory and ciliated cells in three patients (decreased amount or missing microvilli, irregular cilia in ciliated cells). SEM examination found pinopodes in five patients: three samples contained fully developed pinopodes—larger and completely smooth, with only some wrinkles; one sample contained regressing small pinopodes, with wrinkled surfaces; and one sample had both developed and regressing pinopodes. Conclusions: To conclude, our study shows that the endometrium of patients with poor IVF outcome has either significant changes in the morphology or the endometrial maturation is inhibited and a phase lag often develops. Our study shows that endometrial pinopodes are found throughout the mid-luteal phase up to day LH+10.

Background: Previous recurrence risk models offered individualized prediction using a more diverse set of factors than traditional staging measures American Joint Committee on Cancer Tumor Node Metastasis (AJCC TNM) Staging System. Several studies have demonstrated gene mutation as a new prognostic factor, such as EGFR, KRAS and so on. This study aimed to analyze a comprehensive and reliable Nomogram prognostic model to predict recurrence in stage IA lung adenocarcinoma (ADC) with radical resection. Method: This was a retrospective, single-center and case-control study. Clinicopathologic, genetic, therapeutic features and survival status were collected. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards model was conducted. The nomogram for recurrence prediction was developed using Cox proportional hazards regression. Three nomograms were established based on a) AJCC 8 th TNM Staging, b) multivariate analysis results and c) risk factors recorded in published references. The higher concordance index (C-index) of model identified better performance of nomogram. Result: 1499 patients with pathological stage IA ADC from Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences from October 2012 to December 2015 were enrolled in this study. The recurrence rate was 3.5% (53/1499). No recurrence of 180 patients randomly selected and analyzed in this study. Median DFS was not reached. The C-index of AJCC 8th TNM staging and the nomogram based on multivariate analysis was 0.598 (95% CI 0.538-0.659) and 0.696 (95% CI 0.629-0.764), respectively. The nomogram established on prognostic factors in previous studies, which included gene mutation such as EGFR, KRAS and ALK, showed higher discrimination with C-index 0.833 (95% CI 0.786-0.880). Conclusion: This was the first individualized nomogram combining clinicopathologic features with genetic information to predict recurrence in ADC. The nomogram added with gene mutation status demonstrated superior predictive capability comparing to other nomograms based on traditional AJCC T staging and multivariate analysis. Our nomogram was more reliable to guide prognostic factors and recurrence rate in stage IA ADC patients.

Conclusion: Overall, Our findings suggest that catechin hydrate inhibits B(a)P-induced lung tumor formation by modulating hyperproliferation, inflammation, apoptosis and ALDH1 expression.

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