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The flat plate solar collector (FPSC) is a well-known energy harvesting tool that minimizes the strain on the traditional energy production approach while also promoting the future use of renewable energy. Thus, Increasing the performance of this collector is worth the effort. As the world's energy consumption continues to grow, there has been an increased focus on the potential for nanotechnology improvements to reduce energy usage. Recent scientific research has shown that the application of nanotechnology can increase the efficiency of the traditional glass cover of FPSC. Antireflective and self-cleaning nanocoating has recently attracted a lot of attention for both its important aspects and wide practical applications. In the current study, there are many sections to the review as follows: (a) general overview of the fundamental theoretical frameworks of antireflection and self-cleaning technology; (b) detailed fabrication methods for both antireflection and self-cleaning coating; (c) A range of anti-reflection coating materials used to add new functionalities for glass cover of FPSC; (d) present the literature of the studies of anti-reflection and self-cleaning coating application in FPSC.

The solar hybrid collector (PV/T) modules are a beneficial approach that simultaneously transforms solar radiation into heat and electric power. This work examined the performance of a PV/T module with flat-plate absorber type and water-cooled by optimizing the PV/T model under two significantly different climate conditions.  The first is for Stuttgart city, and the second is for Kabul. According to what has been conducted in this study, Kabul has a higher percentage of the received heat energy than Stuttgart, at more than 50.4%. Furthermore, Kabul's electrical efficiency is 48.3% higher than Stuttgart's. As a matter of fact, the annual radiation of Kabul is more than Stuttgart city by 49.12%. Thus, Kabul city seems to be more convenient than Stuttgart for the PV/T applications.

The present paper examines the benefits of the flow rate control compared with traditional on-off switch-control in case of solar water heating system. The optimal volumetric flow rate of the solar fluid depending on the radiation and the stored water temperature. This flow rate is realized with controlling the frequency of the pump by an ALTIVAR 31 frequency inverter. The paper presents and summarizes the calculated results based on measurement data obtained during the operation with these regulations.