The corona virus disease predicament is facing by the senior citizens in Nepal with a number of disconcerting challenges. One of these, which are so far still receiving too little attention and support by Nepal government, is the risk that many senior citizens are affected in Nepal. The COVID-19 pandemic has presented an unprecedented threat to the public and physical and psychosocial health. The most vulnerable population is the senior citizens, are at disproportionate risks both to the psychosomatic and somatic effects of the outbreak. Reduced healthcare access, limited health facilities and resources as well as fear of the infection act as major problems to care during such a pandemic. Besides, there are the additional burden of stigma, abuse, ageism and financial impoverishment. Loneliness and lack of stimulation can potentially accelerate the cognitive decline and worsen the behavioral and psychological problems of senior citizens.

This paper discusses the possibilities of student-centered and project-based learning in science, health and population subjects of community high school students in Nepal. Besides, it deals with how high school students meaningfully engaged in participatory activities and consequently acknowledge the necessity for creative and active teaching learning activities. Despite various contextual realities and identities, the study explored few contextually appropriate project methods to transform teaching learning activities in science, health and population subjects in the community high schools. The qualitative method was applied in this research. Data/information was collected from classroom observation, in-depth interviews and informal conversations. The data from all the sources were analyzed by content-thematic and conversation analysis keeping in minds to explore the possibilities of project work of learning. The study found that students’ engagement in project activities as a part of study science, health and population subjects are positive and targeted towards learning competencies. Nevertheless, to apply this method, school head teachers, teachers and local authority related to education need to play vital roles for the effective implementation of project works in the community high schools in Nepal.

This research assessed the determinants, consequences and preventive measures of early and forced child marriage (ECM). This mixed method surveyed 167 households taking 15 % sample from the clusters of three wards of Badhaiyatal Rural Municipality in Bardiya and Dullu Municipality in Dailekh of Western Nepal. Besides household survey, six Focus Group Discussions (FGDs), 16 Key Informant's Interviews (KIIs), and 12 In-depth-Interviews (IDIs) were also conducted. There was the prevalence of ECM in 94% of the total sampled households. Majority (64%) of the marriages had taken place at the age of 15-19 years. Besides, about 23% of the marriage had occurred at 10-14 years. Average age at marriage was 16.5 years. Lack of awareness, self-elopement, misuse of social media, and parents' perception of daughters as burden were some contributing factors of ECM. Unsafe sexual behavior, unwanted pregnancy and its risk to unsafe abortion, maternal and child mortality, deprivation of education and selfdependence and violence were some effects of ECM. Recommendations to address ECM and curb its negative effects are presented.

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Environmental pollution poses a widespread issue with significant implications for the well-being of individuals and populations worldwide. The escalating utilization of fossil fuels, improper sewage disposal practices, and indiscriminate use of agricultural pesticides contribute to the pervasive presence of environmental pollution across the globe. To assess the state of environmental pollution and its impact on human health on a global scale, a comprehensive review of relevant scholarly articles was undertaken. The deleterious effects of pollution manifest in elevated rates of cancer, cardiovascular disease, respiratory ailments, mental disorders, and diarrhea. Each year, approximately 7 million individuals succumb to air pollution-related causes, while an additional 1.6 million people perish due to diseases stemming from water pollution. Environmental pollution emerges as a principal determinant of human morbidity and mortality worldwide, with low-income nations displaying heightened vulnerability. Given the escalating burden of pollution in the modern era, concerted and collaborative efforts by all relevant entities and nations are imperative to mitigate the extent and consequences of pollution on the global environment and human health.