A bstract Introduction Dental caries is a globally prevailing condition. It is a common finding in all age-groups, whether it is young children or adults. Caries not only affects the oral health of an individual, but also the overall health of the individual. Aims and Objectives This article focuses on the association of ECC with BMI, SES status, maternal education, birth order, and number of siblings in age group of 3 to 6 year old children. Material and methods The study was planned and conducted in the Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Government College of Dentistry, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India. The study consisted of 200 samples, including both groups. Group I included 100 patients with ECC and group II included 100 patients caries free. Children of age 3–6 years were randomly selected and evaluated for ECC and parameters like weight, height, number of siblings, birth order, SES status, and mothers’ education. Results Body mass index (BMI) had no significant association with the occurrence of ECC. Statistical significant association was observed between the number of siblings and ECC. The “no caries” was significantly associated with “no sibling” or “one sibling”. A significant association between SES status and ECC was observed. The upper and upper middle class had more number of caries free children, whereas the number of participants with ECC was significantly more in the upper lower class. There was a pronounced association between ECC and maternal education. Conclusion Researches like these help us to broaden our aspects of understanding that caries is not caused by only one factor but a magnitude of factors. It's prevention should take into consideration not only the dietary habits but also on increasing awareness about importance of oral hygiene and how it can be affected by other social varients. This article focuses on the association of ECC with BMI, SES status, maternal education, birth order, and number of siblings in 3–6-year-old children. How to cite this article Sahu P, Agrawal A, Jain D, et al. Association of Early Childhood Caries and Multiple Variable Factors in 3–6-year-old Children. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2023;16(1):42-47.

Aim and objective : This article focuses on Willems method of age estimation in age group of 6-12 year old children.   Material and methods: 25 orthopantomagram of children aged 6-12 year old children were collected from the patients visiting the Department of Pediatric and Preventive dentistry, government college of Dentistry, Indore.   Results: Comparison of the Dental age (DA)  using  the Willems method, the CA and differences between Dental age and Chronological age  (DA and CA) of both gender and age groups .The independent samples t‑test results showcased that the mean CA was  1.81  for males and 2.22 for females and the mean DA was 1.97 for males and 1.64 for females. This mean dictated an under aging of the entire sample as by about 0.58 years. Independent t‑test showed that these differences were statistically not significant as the p value is less (P > 0.05). Pearson’s correlation test showed  r value for overall data  as 0.86, for male as 0.87 and for female as 0.88. The p value was statistically significant in overall data  and male (<0.001).   Conclusion:   It is important to realize that no age estimation method will accurately determine the exact age for every individual since development naturally varies between individuals. One of the most important aspect of DA estimation is to remember that one should not restrict to only one age estimation technique, but to apply different techniques available and perform repetitive measurements and calculations. Also the sample size should be larger as compared to the present study, as well as equal numbers of both male and female should be studied.

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Medical Geology is a broad and complex subject which requires interdisciplinary contributions from several different scientific fields. The importance of medical geology is multiple types in our society. Medical geology brings together geoscientists and medical/public health researchers to address health problems caused or exacerbated by geological materials; ultimately, it is only with multidisciplinary collaborations that interventions can be devised to reduce morbidity and mortality from such problems. Medical geology aims to understand how natural geological factors, such as, natural occurring elements (As, F, Cd, Pb, Hg, Co, Cu, Ni, U etc.) are affecting directly or indirectly Human and Animal health. Rocks are the source of most chemical elements found on the earth. Many elements in the right quantities are essential for plant, animal, and human health and have limited biological function. Generally, these elements are toxic in nature and may cause various health hazards in society. Most of these elements enter the human body via food and water in the diet and through the air that we breathe. The links between geology, environment and health are particularly important for subsistence populations that are heavily dependent on the local geology and environment for their food supply. Infectious diseases in humans are also dramatically affected by the geological environment, albeit indirectly. Geological forces shape the environments in which microbes thrive, sometimes creating opportunities for the emergence of infectious diseases as major public health problems. In the present paper an attempt has been made to describe general importance of medical geology for our society.