Objectives: To assess and compare the maintenance of tocolysis in preterm labor by using vaginal and intramuscular progesterone. Study design: Randomized controlled trial. Settings and study duration: Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Civil Hospital, Bahawalpur between 12th March 2019 and 11th September 2019 Materials & Methods: A total of 96 women ranging from 18 and 40 years of age presented with threatened preterm labour, at gestational age between 28 to 36 weeks were included. Out of total, Patients having multiple pregnancy, preterm premature rupture of membrane, medical disorders, IUGR and APH were excluded .All patients were given acute tocolytic therapy with oral nifedipine. Then they were divided in 2 groups. In the Group A, vaginal progesterone (Cyclogest 200mg) was given daily while in group B patients, a single intramuscular injection(IM) of 250 mg of 17-alpha-hydroxyprogesterone caproate (17 OHP) was given weekly. All patients in both groups were evaluated upto the delivery and efficacy was documented. Results: The mean age was 29.34 ± .4.92 years. The gestational age was from 28 to 36 weeks with mean age of 30.91 ± 1.44 weeks. Efficacy ( no preterm birth) was seen in 42 (87.50%) in group A (vaginal progesterone) and 34 (70.83%) in group B (intramuscular progesterone) with p-value of 0.044. Conclusion: The verdict of the study is that for preventing preterm birth the efficacy of vaginal progesterone is better than intramuscular. Keywords: vaginal progesterone, preterm birth, perinatal mortality, preterm labour, hydroxyprogesterone, tocolytic maintenance.

Objective: The purpose of this study is to compare the prevalence of pre-eclampsia in obese primigravida compared to those who are not obese. Study Design: Prospective cohort study Place and Duration of Study: The research was conducted at the Gynecology and Obstetrics Department at the bahawal Victoria hospital Bahawalpur from 01 June 2021 to 31 December 2021. Materials and Methods: The study consisted of sixty (60) patients, selected using a non-probability consecutive sampling technique. All primigravida between the ages of 20 and 35, with singleton pregnancies of >26 weeks and with a BMI>30kg/m2 in the obese group and BMI<30kg/m2 in the non-obese group, were included. This data was collected on a specially designed Performa. An analysis of the data was conducted using SPSS version 16. Frequency and percentage were calculated for qualitative variables, such as pre-eclampsia (present/absent). Using Chi-square, we compared the frequency of pre-eclampsia. A p-value <0.05 was considered significant. Results: The range of age of participants in the study ranged from 20 to 35 years, with a mean age of 27.08 ± 3.59 years. The mean gestational age was 34.65 ± 4.35 weeks. The mean BMI in group A was 37.50 ± 5.47 kg/m2, while in group B it was 26.77 ± 3.64 kg/m2. The frequency of preeclampsia in Group A (obese primigravida group) was 43.33% (13%), while in group B (non-obese primigravida group) it was 13.33% (4%). Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that the frequency of preeclampsia in obese primigravida is higher compared to non-obese primigravida (43.33% versus 13.33%). This shows that obesity is a risk factor for preeclampsia and that there exist a positive relation between BMI and preeclampsia. Keywords: Obese Primigravida, Pre-eclampsia, Eclampsia, Risk Factors for Pre-eclampsia – Eclampsia, High risk pregnancy, Complicated during pregnancy. Obesity and Pregnancy.

Objective: To determine the frequency of factors involved in avoidance of contraceptive methods in multigravida female. Study Design: Cross sectional survey Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted at the obstetrics and Gynaecology unit in Bahawal Victoria Hospital Bahawalpur from 16-08-2018 to 10-09-2019. Materials and Methods: 250 Multigravida women not practicing contraception, of Reproductive age, Para 2 or more were included in the study. All those women fulfilling the inclusion/exclusion criteria were included in the study. Software SPSS was used and Chi-Square test was applied. Frequency and percentages were calculated for factors involved in avoidance of contraceptive methods. Results: Factors involved in avoidance of contraceptive methods was recorded which shows that 6.8%(n=17) had age <18 years, 55.6%(n=139) had will of sons and 37.6%(n=94) had religious reasons. Stratification for factors involved in avoidance of contraceptive methods with regards to parity was done, 100% were between 2-5 para, Out of 139 cases having will of sons, 71.94% were between 3-5 gravidas and 28.06% had >5 gravidas and 94 cases for religious reason, 53.19% were between 3-5 gravidas and 46.81% had >5 gravidas. Conclusion: We concluded that age <18 years, will of sons and religious affiliation are the leading factors involved in avoidance of contraceptive methods in multigravida female Keywords: Avoidance of contraception, multigravida females, multiparity factors, Reproductive age <18 years, will of sons, religious reasons in multiparity.