Ramelteon is a novel MT1 and MT2 melatonin receptor selective agonist recently approved for the treatment of insomnia characterized by difficulty in sleep onset. It is a nonscheduled drug since it lacks the potential for abuse and does not interact with neurotransmitter receptors most associated with these phenomena. Although the effects of ramelteon use <5 weeks are unknown, the available data confirms its safety and efficacy for short-term use. Clinical use and future research should uncover more information about ramelteon's properties.

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of preoperative prophylactic antibiotics of 2 g of oral amoxicillin on bacteremia following extraction of teeth with periodontal and periapical pathology. Materials and Methods: This study was carried out on 160 patients. The patients were divided into four groups of forty patients each: two antibiotic groups, with periodontal and periapical pathology, receiving 2 g of oral amoxicillin preoperatively and two control groups, with periodontal and periapical pathology, receiving no amoxicillin preoperatively. Blood samples were collected before the start of the procedure, intraoperatively, and immediately following extraction of teeth. The collected blood samples were cultured and studied for bacterial growth. Results: In the control group patients with periodontal pathology, 17 out of 40 blood samples showed growth of Streptococcus viridans along with Staphylococcus epidermidis. In the control group patients with periapical pathology, 14 out of 40 blood samples showed growth of S. viridans and Staphylococcus aureus. No growth was observed in both the groups on prophylactic antibiotics with 2 g of oral amoxicillin. Conclusion: Bacteremia was found in 40% of the control group patients, while there was no bacteremia present in patients with preoperative administration of 2 g of oral amoxicillin.