Nawas and Platt (5) recently presented a testable model of homesickness based on: (a) Zwingmann's(9) suggestion that the past, as opposed to the future, has been overemphasized in research on homesickness, and (b) Adler's insistence upon the importance of the future in the individual's men tal life (I, pp. 87-93). This model was presented as an alternative to the current past-and present-oriented theories. Nawas and Platt state: , ... nostalgia can best be understood if seen as an expression of concern over, or dread of, the future, and that it is a lack of "being-in-becoming" rather than a "homing instinct" or a reaction to unsuccessful adaptation to one's surroundings. The future-oriented view of nostalgia allows a number of derivations which can be cast in testable forms. For example, individuals who emphasize futurity in their time perspectives, or others who are characterized as optimistic, goalorien ted, and planful are not likely to fall victims to nostalgia. An individual who sees his future as potentially promising or gratifying is not likely to become nostalgic either (5, p. 55).

No abstract

Trends in demographic characteristics associated with heroin addiction in successive cohorts of a young offender population over the 5-year period 1968-1972 were examined within the framework of two contradictory views of the social competence of the addict provided by the literature. In general, heroin addicts during this period were found to be older, better educated, and more intelligent than nonaddicts. In addition, the racial composition of both the addict and nonaddict samples became increasingly non-White in composition and better educated; nonaddicts became increasingly older; and no significant trends with respect to intelligence took place. These findings support the view of the addict as being relatively more socially competent than his nonaddict offender peer. Implications of these findings for a model of addiction and rehabilitation are discussed.

It is only through reasoned, accurate treatment evaluation research that its effectiveness can be assessed. The value of these data can be limited, however, by variability of methods and noncomparability of data. This is not the case, however, in other western countries. Germany has developed and is using a set of research and publication standards which speak to many of these deficiencies. These standards, described here in some detail, can serve as a model for regular, uniform, and universal data collection, thus allowing for some meaningful comparisons and assessments of in-situ treatment and the individuals receiving it.