No abstract

A demanda por informações sociais e demográficas na formulação e disseminação de políticas públicas municipais vem crescendo no país, no âmbito da promoção da parcela da população fragilizada economicamente. O conhecimento do significado, dos limites e potencialidades dos indicadores sociais pode ser de grande utilidade para os diversos agentes e instituições envolvidas na definição de políticas públicas. O objeto deste estudo é a utilização do geoprocessamento na identificação de áreas vulneráveis do município de Belo Horizonte, no campo da atuação das Políticas Públicas Sociais, como uma ferramenta de promoção da igualdade entre os munícipes. Percebe-se que o emprego de técnicas de geoprocessamento pode ser aplicado no mapeamento de áreas onde a falha de interlocução com o poder público estão expostas, incorrendo no que pode ser chamado de riscos sociais, por haver um menor efeito de transformação na sociedade causado pela ausência ou pouca atuação do poder público.

The development of several time series analysis programs using satellite images has provided many applications based on resources from geostatistics field. Currently, the use of statistical tests applied to vegetation indexes has enabled the analysis of different natural phenomena, such as drought events in watershed areas. The objective of this article is to provide a comparative analysis between NDVI and EVI vegetation index data made available by MOD13Q1 project of MODIS sensor for drought mapping using vegetation condition index (VCI) in the Serra Azul stream sub-basin, MG. The methodology adopted the Cox-Stuart statistical test for seasonality analysis and Pearson's linear correlation to verify the influence of different indexes on delimitation of drought in a watershed. The results indicated the NDVI vegetation index as more efficient than EVI in spatial characterization of studied watershed region, mainly in identification of seasonality. The VCI proved to be highly feasible for monitoring drought in study period between 2013 and 2018, allowing the effective delimitation of drought conditions in the Serra Azul stream sub-basin. In addition, the effectiveness of MODIS sensor data in characterizing drought events that affected the study area was proven.

Dams are structures built for controlling the flow of water for many useful purposes such as water supply, power generation, retention of mining and industrial waste, as well as recreation and flood control. However, they bring together some risk of dam body collapse causing damage for the dam downstream areas. Therefore, hypothetical dam break studies which provide mapping of areas potentially attainable in the event of a rupture are especially important for planning actions aiming minimization of associated losses. The aim of this research is to assess the degree of adherence or similarity between flood maps obtained by simulation studies and those effectively obtained from the collapse itself occurred in Dam I owned by Vale SA on January 25, 2019. The study focuses mainly on comparing the effects over the simulated flood maps caused by use of different representation of dam downstream topography relief, namely Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM), Advanced Land Observing Satellite from Alaska Satellite Facility (ALOS_ASF) and Airborne Laser Scanning (ALS) models. The simulations were performed using the HEC-RAS software developed by the US Army Corps of Engineers considering hypothesis of strong influence of relief in flood mapping results. In this way, three simulation tests were carried out for evaluation and discussion. In the first simulation, the digital terrain model derived from ALS was used. The second simulation was carried out associating the digital surface model ALOS_ASF with a spatial resolution of 12.5 m. Finally, the SRTM digital elevation model with 30 m spatial resolution provided by the United States Geological Survey (USGS) was used in third simulation. Results showed better adherence to simulations using data from ALS. This was verified by visual analysis over high resolution orthorectified images and by calculating statistics indicators such as the (F) index. Conclusions pointed out that flood patches resulting from simulation are critical tools for taking actions involving areas and populations to be affected, so the best relief model technologies like ALS data should be used in simulation.

This article reveals the understanding of informal settlements in Brazil as much as it details the approximate population, the genesis and major impacts on Brazilian society. It also reports, the difficulties faced by local authorities in maintaining cohesive, extensive and above all updated record. Especially taking into account that approximately 17.5% of the population occupies improper locations, according to the formal planning. Because, they are not included in the records dedicated to the territorial organization of the city hall and have more pronounced population density than in cities with urban design. Bringing consequences that exacerbate inequality and the process of social exclusion. In addition, it highlights features of the Airborne Laser Scanner, sensor responsible for laser profiling. Activity contracted by the Municipality of Belo Horizonte, from 2008 coupled with aerophotogrammetric survey that brought a number of advantages including the DEM across the county extension. The study describes a methodology which by treating the laser profiling data with embedded routines in Matlab platform allows the roof eaves registry of buildings in Cluster Cafezal. The author mentions that the strategy when added to the relational database can help to develop an incipient registration.