Background Eclampsia is still prevalent in India with high maternal and perinatal mortality. In India, there is no community-based survey of eclampsia. Sporadic reports of study on eclampsia are being published in medical journals.Objectives The objective of this study was to find out the incidence of eclampsia and maternal and perinatal mortality in India. Methods Data on incidence, maternal mortality and perinatal mortality of eclampsia were collected from articles published in journals and from book of Abstract published during AICOG conferences from 1980 onwards, along with our own data from 1976 to 2014. Data were analyzed yearwise. Results Reports published from 1976 to 2015 (JanuaryFebruary) reveal that incidence of eclampsia in India ranges from 0.179 to 5 %, the average being 1.5 %. In the period between 1980 and 1989, the average incidence was 0.92 % and the corresponding figure between 2002 and 2010 was 2.15 %, indicating that there is no reduction in Dr. P. N. Nobis Retired as Professor and Head of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology from Silchar MedicalCollege is now working at International Hospital at Dispur, Guwahati, as Senior Consultant. He has about ten publications in National Journals including six in this journal. He has authored three textbooks of Obstetric and Gynaecology of which one is in vernacular. He has special interest in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and pediatric gynecology.The Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology of India (September-October 2016) 66(S1):S172-S176 DOI 10.1007/s13224-015-0807-5123 incidence of eclampsia in India over the decades. Maternal mortality in 1982 was 14.12 %, and in 2010 it was 2.2-9 %. Maternal mortality has shown a receding tendency, while perinatal mortality is remaining still high as in 1984 it was 45 % and the corresponding figure in 2010 was 24.5-48 %. Conclusion Incidence of eclampsia in India is about 1.5 %. Detail analysis of data from 1980 to 2015 (JanuaryFebruary) shows that there is no reduction in incidence of eclampsia and perinatal mortality rate over the last few decades. Maternal mortality has shown a slight receding trend.

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Background: Physiological changes in spiral arteries i.e. remodeling occur upto myometrial segment of the vessels and these changes are important for growth of the fetus. However in hypertensive pregnancies and IUGR, these changes are often not seen and arteries remain non-dilated. The aims of the study were to assess the extent of spiral vessel dilatation in hypertensive pregnancies and IUGR cases.Methods: Placental bed biopsy were taken in cases who underwent caesarean section and gave consent for the study, during the study period. 50 cases were included. Morphology and diameters of spiral arteries were assessed by histopathological examination. Arteries who retained the non-pregnant morphology were considered non-dilated and those who showed features of remodeling were considered normal. 14 cases were excluded as no vessel was seen in biopsy specimen. T-test and Chi-square tests were used for analysis. Out of the included 36 cases, percentage of non-dilated vessels was significantly high in gestational hypertension and preeclampsia(p=0.0230) and also significantly high in IUGR cases, (p=0.0113),irrespective of hypertension. Also the percentage of non-dilated vessels was higher in nulliparous women, though not significant.Placental bed biopsy specimens have limitations because they only provide information about a small segment of the placental bed. It is possible that areas close to the nonbiopsy site may have a completely different degree of vascular transformation. Moreover the number of cases in this study is less. Conclusion:Absence of spiral arterial remodeling is a crucial factor in hypertension in pregnancy and low birth weight babies. And adequate research is needed in this aspect so that such knowledge can help us to prevent hypertension in pregnancy and IUGR.

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