Objective This study aimed to compare the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) thickness and macular thickness (MT) between patients with non-diabetic chronic kidney disease (NDCKD) and controls, as well as between different stages of NDCKD. We also evaluated the correlation between pRNFL thickness and MT with duration of NDCKD. Methods This was a comparative cross-sectional study. Subjects were divided into NDCKD and control groups. Both pRNFL thickness and MT, including center subfield thickness (CST), average MT as well as average ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GC-IPL) were measured using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. One-way ANCOVA test was used to compare the differences in pRNFL and MT between NDCKD and controls, as well as between the different stages of NDCKD. Spearman rank-order correlation coefficients were employed to determine the effects of NDCKD duration on pRNFL thickness and MT. Results A total of 132 subjects were recruited, 66 with NDCKD and 66 controls. There was a statistically significant difference in superior (110.74 ± 23.35 vs 117.36 ± 16.17 μm, p = 0.022), nasal (65.97 ± 12.90 vs 69.35 ± 10.17 μm, p = 0.006), inferior quadrant (117.44 ± 23.98 vs 126.15 ± 14.75 μm, p = 0.006), average pRNFL (90.36 ± 14.93 vs 95.42 ± 9.87 μm, p = 0.005), CST (231.89 ± 26.72 vs 243.30 ± 21.05 μm, p = 0.006), average MT (268.88 ± 20.21 vs 274.92 ± 12.79 μm, p = 0.020) and average GC-IPL (75.48 ± 12.44 vs 81.56 ± 6.48, p = 0.001) values between the NDCKD group and controls. The superior quadrant (p = 0.007), nasal quadrant (p = 0.030), inferior quadrant (p = 0.047), average pRNFL (p = 0.006), average MT (p = 0.001) and average GC-IPL (p = 0.001) differed significantly between different stages of NDCKD. There was no correlation between pRNFL thickness and MT with duration of NDCKD. Conclusion CST, average MT, average GC-IPL thickness, average pRNFL and all quadrants of pRNFL except the temporal quadrant were significantly thinner in NDCKD patients compared to controls. These changes were associated with the severity of CKD, but not its duration.

A 68-year-old Malay male with no known medical illness presented with progressive growth of right conjunctival mass over a few months. Anterior segment examination of the right eye showed an inferior perilimbal elevated gelatinous conjunctival mass measuring 6 mm vertically x 14 mm horizontally with 360° corneal vascularisation. Excision biopsy and histopathological examination revealed areas of dysplastic cells involving the full epithelial thickness, suggestive of conjunctival intraepithelial neoplasia. The patient defaulted follow-up and presented later with recurrence involving the superior two-thirds of the cornea. Pulsed dosing of topical 5-fluorouracil 1% was initiated 4 times daily for a week with 21-day breaks for a total of 4 cycles. Regression of the lesion was noted after two cycles of 5-fluorouracil.

Introduction: Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) is an abnormality of the inner choroidal vasculature. The recommended treatment for PCV is a combination of standard verteporfin photodynamic therapy (PDT) with intravitreal injections of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF). There have been reports ofsuccess with combination of half-dose PDT (hd-PDT) and anti-VEGF in the treatment of PCV. hd-PDT might be a cost-effective method with favourable outcome in the treatment of PCV and fewer side effects.Purpose: To explore the efficacy of hd-PDT combined with anti-VEGF and anti-VEGF monotherapy in PCV.Study design: Retrospective nonrandomized comparative study.Material and methods: We conducted a retrospective nonrandomized comparative records review of all patients with PCV received a combination of hd-PDT and anti-VEGF vs anti-VEGF monotherapy from November 2017 to November 2019 at Hospital Tengku Ampuan Afzan, Pahang, Malaysia. Patients received a half-dose of verteporfin over 10 minutes and were irradiated by the standard fluence combined with intravitreal ranibizumab or aflibercept injections. The monotherapy group received either intravitreal ranibizumab or aflibercept. Primary outcome measures were best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central subfield thickness (CST) at 6 months post-treatment. Secondary outcome measure was documentation of sideeffects.Results: The study included a total of 16 patients, with 8 patients (8 eyes) in the combination group and 8 patients (10 eyes) in the monotherapy group. At 6 months post-treatment, the BCVA changes in logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) were -0.06 in the combination group and +0.02 in the monotherapy group (p = 0.928). The average CST reduction was 51.6 μm in the combination group and 106.1 μm in the monotherapy group (p = 0.214). One eye developed subretinal haemorrhage after hd-PDT and one eye developed retinal atrophy in the monotherapy group.Conclusion: hd-PDT combined with anti-VEGF was able to produce similar functional outcomes in terms of BCVA when compared to anti-VEGF monotherapy. However, monotherapy is shown to be superior to combination treatment for anatomical improvement.