The Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) is a well-known research line in the optimization research community. Its different basic variants have been widely explored in the literature. Even though it has been studied for years, the research around it is still very active. The new tendency is mainly focused on applying this study case to real-life problems. Due to this trend, the Rich VRP arises: combining multiple constraints for tackling realistic problems. Nowadays, some studies have considered specific combinations of real-life constraints to define the emerging Rich VRP scopes. This work surveys the state of the art in the field, summarizing problem combinations, constraints defined, and approaches found.

The airline industry is one of the most affected by operational disruptions, defined as deviations from originally planned operations. Due to airlines network configuration, delays are rapidly propagated to connecting flights, substantially increasing unexpected costs for the airlines. The goal in these situations is therefore to minimise the impact of the disruption, reducing delays and the number of affected flights, crews and passengers. In this chapter, we describe a methodology that tackles the Stochastic Aircraft Recovery Problem, which considers the stochastic nature of air transportation systems. We define an optimisation approach based on the Large Neighbourhood Search metaheuristic, combined with simulation at different stages in order to ensure solutions' robustness. We test our approach on a set of instances with different characteristics, including some instances originating from real data provided by a Spanish airline. In all cases, our approach performs better than a deterministic approach when system's variability is considered.

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Abstract. The airline industry is constantly subject to the search of new methods in order to increase efficiency, profitability, and customer satisfaction. Since airlines only generate revenue when their airplanes are on the air, the time they spend at the airports should be the shortest possible. Hence, the airplane turnaround time becomes a process which airlines pay special attention on. The boarding process has a very important role, since it is one of the significant elements of the turnaround time, and a slow boarding process might lead to many kinds of problems to the airline, from financial issues to customer complaints. This paper analyzes the major interferences among the passengers that cause delays in boarding times, and after comparing the different aircraft boarding strategies, it proposes the most efficient strategy.

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