Background: According to study, Retinal vein occlusion (RVO) is the second most common retinal vasculopathy after diabetic retinopathy, which causes permanent visual loss. Objective: In this study our main goal is to assess the association between retinal vein occlusion and axial length of eyeball. Method: This cross sectional study was carried out at Department of Ophthalmology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Shahbagh, Dhaka from From March 2016 to March 2019. Where 60 Patients who were attending in the Department of Ophthalmology, BSMMU was the population of the study. During the study, 30 patients with retinal vein occlusion are included in Group A whereas remaining patients with no refractive error and no RVO are included in Group B. Results: During the study, in both group majority of the cases belong to 41-50 years age group whereas 17(56.7%) patients were male in group A and 12(40.0%) in group B. Fourteen (43.3%) patients were female in group A and 18(60.0%) in group B.In group A, 17(56.7%) patients were affected in left eye, 11(36.7%) in right eye and 2(6.7%) in bilateral eyes. Eighteen (60.0%) patients were found affected with BRVO and 12(40.0%) with CRVO. Whereas Mean axial length of eyeball was found 22.81±0.67 mm in affected eyes of group A and 23.38±0.92 mm in eyes of group B. The mean axial length of eyeball was found 22.82±0.78 mm in fellow eyes of group A and 23.38±0.92 mm in eyes of group B. Besides that, mean axial length of eyeball was found 22.69±0.54 mm in affected eyes of BRVO and 23.38±0.92 mm in eyes of group B. The mean axial length of eyeball was found 22.70±0.71 mm in fellow eyes of BRVO and 23.38±0.92 mm in eyes of group B. The differences were statistically significant (p<0.05). Conclusion: On the basis of the findings in this study, it may be surmised that shorter axial length may be a local risk factor for developing RVO.