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In this study, resveratrol (RVT) was loaded onto porous calcium silicate (PCS) powders to improve its dissolution and photostability properties. The effects of RVT/PCS powders that included varying amounts of low-methoxyl pectin (LMP), ethyl acetate (EA) and PCS on drug loading capacity, encapsulation efficiency and drug dissolution at 5-min intervals (Q 5 ) were investigated using a Box–Behnken design. The experimental results demonstrated that the EA and PCS amounts significantly influenced drug loading capacity. Encapsulation efficiency was affected by EA amount, whereas the amount of PCS had a significant effect on Q 5 . Empirical experiments demonstrated the reliability of mathematical models. A design space was established based on the criteria set for maximizing each response of the RVT/PCS powders. An optimized formulation containing 2.6% w/w LMP, 19% w/w EA and 13% w/w PCS prepared within the design space satisfied all criteria. The dissolution and photostability of RVT in the RVT/PCS powders were significantly improved. Further, the bulk density of the PCS powders in RVT/PCS was increased by LMP. The Box–Behnken design used in this study provided an improved understanding of the effects of formulation factors on RVT/PCS powder characteristics as well as the optimization of RVT/PCS powder formulations with the desired properties .

Resveratrol (Res) loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) were prepared by high shear homogenization and ultrasonication technique. Caprylic/capric glyceride (IM) was used as a liquid lipid, while glyceryl monostearate (GMS), beeswax (BW), palmitic acid (PA) and myristic acid (MA) at various concentrations (5, 10, 15, and 20 %w/w) were solid lipids. Polyoxyethylene 20 sorbitan monooleate or polysorbate 80 (Tween® 80) was use as a surfactant. The results showed that all concentration of PA and MA can be prepared the smaller particle NLC than that using GMS and BW according to the small molecule of MA and PA. The zeta potential of Res loaded NLCs were negative charge (-24.30 to -37.80 mV), which could be considered as a stable system. The stability studies revealed that NLCs with MA and PA showed a - high stability in particle size and zeta potential after storage at 40 ± 2°C /75 %RH for 3 months. These results suggested the MA and PA were suitable solid lipids for the NLCs preparation which have potential to be a nanoparticulate carrier for Res delivery.