Background: Augmentation of the maxillary sinus increases the lost height of ridge in the posterior maxilla. Bony convolutions from the floor of the sinus called septa may be encountered during the procedure and significantly impact the outcome of the procedure. Materials and Methods: For this retrospective study, 120 cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans were collected from the archives of the department of oral radiology in the time period between January 2016 and August 2018. Planmeca Romexis ® software version 3.2.7 was used to check for the incidence, and then among the septa, plane of orientation, location with respect to the wall of the sinus, and in terms of relation to tooth were examined. The average height and average width of all the septa were measured using a measuring tool in the software. Results: Thirty-five of the total 88 patients showed septa in 40 sinuses, in which 36 sinuses showed one septum and 4 sinuses showed 2 septa. Forty-one septa were located on the floor of the sinus in the frontal orientation and 3 septa were located on the lateral wall of the sinus in the axial orientation. The mean height and mean width of the 41 septa on the floor of the sinus were 5.72 mm and 3.47 mm, respectively. The mean height of septa found on the lateral wall of the sinus was 5.59 mm. Conclusion: Septa had a higher tendency to be in bucco-palatal direction and on the floor of the sinus and frequent occurrence in the region of molars. A thorough prediagnostic evaluation using CBCT is necessary prior to sinus augmentation procedures.

Background Temporomandibular disorder is the most commonly occurring type of orofacial pain. A general dental practitioner must be able to recognize and distinguish pain related to the joint to be capable of providing treatment or send for a referral. This survey was undertaken to test the undergraduate students in their residency program to analyze their skills in basic understanding and diagnostic capability relevant to temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorder. Materials and Methods A total of 110 dental students undergoing their residency program in the institute of A.B. Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences were selected. They were given a questionnaire pro forma to fill out which included questions regarding the anatomy, physiology, pathology, diagnosis, and treatment plan of TMJ disorders. Results Note that 71.75% ± 6.13% of students answered anatomy questions correctly, 46.6% ± 28% answered physiology questions correctly, 34.67% ± 5.5% answered pathology questions correctly, 23.67% ± 2.5% answered diagnosis questions correctly, and 27.25% ± 15.8% answered questions of treatment plan correctly. Note that 100% of them understood the importance of TMJ in dentistry. Conclusion This shows that there is an awareness about the basic understanding of the TMJ; however, to be able to clinically apply the knowledge and diagnose a disorder of TMJ, more than half of the participants were unacquainted of it and the curriculum should stress on improvement of this understanding at the undergraduate level itself. AbstractKeywords ► temporomandibular joint ► temporomandibular disorder ► orofacial pain