Clinicians need to have a high index of suspicion for endocrine abnormalities in people with HIV as they can be potentially life threatening if untreated. Endocrine evaluation should be pursued as in the general population, with focus on prevention, early detection and treatment to improve quality of life and longevity.

Hirsutism is defined as excessive terminal hair growth in a male pattern in females. It typically affects 5 to 10% of reproductive-age women. Excessive hair growth can often cause significant psychological and emotional distress. As a result, hirsutism is a common presenting complaint to healthcare professionals, including dermatologists, as women search for cosmetic and medical solutions to their problem. Hirsutism results from excess production of androgens, often from ovarian or adrenal sources. It is typically associated with a metabolic syndrome like polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), but can be idiopathic or medication-induced. This article provides an endocrine perspective for the evaluation and management of hirsutism.

We describe the case report of a patient with euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis (euDKA), in the setting of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitor use, complicated by hypertriglyceridemia (HTG). A 28-year-old female with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus and subsequent type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) on dapagliflozin and metformin presented with a one-week history of polyuria, poor appetite, and vomiting. On admission, serum glucose was 111 mg/dl, bicarbonate 18 mmol/l, anion gap 20, triglycerides 508 mg/dL, and venous pH 7.27. Serum ketone levels could not be assessed, as blood samples kept hemolyzing due to significant lipemia. The patient was initially admitted for starvation ketosis. However, serum chemistry obtained six hours after presentation revealed no change in the anion gap and a rise in triglycerides. She was treated with an insulin drip for euDKA and HTG with the resolution of the clinical picture. We performed a literature review of this topic and discuss the pathophysiology, diagnosis, management, and prevention of SGLT2-inhibitor-induced euDKA.

Pituitary hyperplasia is commonly present but remains largely undiagnosed in primary hypothyroidism. It is easily reversible with thyroid replacement therapy. If imaging is performed prior to biochemical evaluation, then patients may undergo pituitary surgery. We present the case of a 34-year-old female with profound primary hypothyroidism and secondary pituitary hyperplasia that resolved after thyroid hormone supplementation. We will discuss the current literature regarding pituitary hyperplasia in primary hypothyroidism in adults.