The screening of micro-organisms decomposing wheat straw was done under laboratory conditions on the basis of the amount of carbon mineralized from wheat straw during a period of four months. In general, inoculation of wheat straw with different micro-organisms had favorable effect on the amount of carbon mineralized. Among the bacterial and fungus cultures isolated from baited wheat straw an Aspergillus sp. (Isolate No. 18) proved to be the most rapid wheat straw decomposer under laboratory conditions. 16 BIOLOGICAL DECOMPOSITION OF W H E A T STRAW. I No. 18) and is in line with the reports of Jensen", K a l e k a r et al. lo, and S z eg113 who suggested that fungi are more important than bacteria in the decomposition of cellulosic materials.

The incorporatJ.on of undecomposed wheat straw in the soil along-with the micro-organisms favourably Increased the yield of groundnut crop. An increase of 37 per cent in yield was recorded when wheat straw was Inoculated with Penicillium digitatum and the C.P ratlO was adjusted to 65. Inoculated treatments of narrower C:P ratio gave a higher Yleld than wider C:P ratio treatments moculated \"ith the same cultures. An increase in nitrogen uptake by groundnut plants was recorded due to incorporatlOn of straw alongwith the micro-organisms in soli The organic carbon and mtrogen content of the soil increased with all the treatments except control. The highest increase in orgamc carbon and mtrogen of the soil was observed with a treatment of wheat straw of65 C:P ratlO inoculated wIth S. coccosporum. The yield of wheat crop after groundnut was sigmficantly more with several treatments than control plots. The hIghest Increase of79 per cent in grain yield of wheat was observed m the plots previouslq receIved WIth wheat straw of 200 C:P rauo.

An investigation was undertaken with Bambusa vulgaris (S.) as the test tree species to standardize ideal Integrated Nutrient Management (INM) techniques for assessing nutrient uptake and fixing appropriate dose of INM for growth of tissue cultured seedlings, so as to obtain the best quality seedling within a shortest nursery period. A nursery experiment was conducted by raising tissue culture B. vulgaris seedlings in polybags of size 25 cm x 15 cm filled with non-calcareous, red sandy loam soil (Typic Ustropept), sand and FYM with two levels of urea (500 and 1000 mg seedling-1), two levels of single super phosphate (1000 and 1500 mg seedling-1), two levels of muriate of potash (250 and 500 mg seedling-1) and micronutrient mixture (5g) along with Azospirillum (5g) seedling-1, phosphobacteria (5g) seedling-1 and VAM (10g) seedling-1.The results revealed that INM treatments were found to improve the N, P and K content of B. vulgaris seedlings. The significant increase in the total N, P and K uptake was noticed due to the incorporation of Urea, Single super phosphate and Muriate of potash (500: 1000: 250 mg) along with VAM (10g), Azospirillum (5g), phosphobacteria (5g) and micronutrient mixture (5g) seedling-1(T9) over the control at 120 DAP. The total N, P and K uptake was increased by 5.00, 1.89 and 3.19 mg seedling-1, more than the control by the same treatment. The available nutrient status was positively influenced by INM treatments compared to the application of organic, inorganic and biofertilizer alone and the control. Application of urea, single super phosphate and muriate of potash (1000: 1500: 500 mg seedling-1) along with VAM (10g), Azospirillum (5g), phosphobacteria (5g) and micronutrient mixture (5g) seedling-1(T10) recorded more available of N, P and K due to application of higher dose of fertilizers.

Ipomoea obscura (L.), commonly described to this in Ayurveda as "Laksmana, " is an herb in the Convolvulaceae family. It's a little climber with small cordate leaves with apex that's acuminate. Five fully united petals make up the corolla. In disturbed environments, the plant grows on fences or as a low ground cover as a substrate. It's a slender, twinning perennial herb that grows in grasslands, hedges, and wastelands all over India, up to a height of 3000 feet. As a climber with lovely flowers, it also has decorative value. [1] This plant's medicinal benefits have been found by Ayurveda, and it is used to treat diarrhoea, open sores, and pustules. Ulcers, haemorrhoids, and swellings are treated with a leaf paste. Fruits and seeds are being used as purifying agents, to help with difficult breathing, to relieve pain, and also to improve vision. [2] To treat colds, asthma, and dry cough, gingely oil is combined with the fresh plant extract.By widening blood vessels, the plant extract relieves pain in the body. Many siddha medications contain plant extracts. [3] Other phytochemicals found in this plant were flavonoids, steroids, essential oil, and phenolic acids. [4] This plant contains indole alkaloids like Ipobscurine A, Ipobscurine B, Ipobscurine C, and Ipobscurine D as well as tropane alkaloid including Calysteginine B-1,2, 3 and 4. Calysteginine C-1; [5][6] Ipobscurine-A, C, and D are significant pharmacologically active macrolactum type indole alkaloids found in Ipomoea obscura.

Aim: The purpose of this research is to look at the pharmacognostic and phytochemical properties of Alianthus excelsa leaves. Methods and Materials: The tree Alianthus excelsa Roxb. belongs to the Simaroubaceae family and is native to Central and Southern India. The entire methanolic extract of Alianthus excelsa leaves was examined for its microscopical, physicochemical, phytochemical, isolation, characterisation, and anti-inflammatory activities. Leaf powder was tested for total ash, water soluble, acid insoluble, alcohol soluble extractive, water soluble extractive, moisture content, and fluorescence property. Results: Carbohydrates, phenolics, flavonoids, alkaloids, and amino acids were found in the leaf methanolic oven dried extract. To determine the existence of phenolic content in extracts, total phenolic and total flavonoid contents were calculated. Phytoconstituents such as flavonoids and saponin glycoside were found in the leaf sections throughout the experiment, which were isolated using column chromatography and characterised using IR, NMR, and mass spectroscopy. Three flavonoids and one flavonoid