Pseudoaneurysm of superficial temporal artery (STA) is an uncommon complication of blunt and penetrating trauma. It accounts for only 1% of all traumatic aneurysms. Most pseudoaneurysms of STA present as a painless pulsating mass, and its diagnosis can be made with physical examination and ultrasound or computed tomography angiogram. The treatment of choice is ligation and resection. This report includes a review of the anatomy, histopathology, etiology, diagnosis, and treatment options for STA pseudoaneurysm and presents a very rare documented case of STA pseudoaneurysm following penetrating trauma that was presented to the hospital with severe hemorrhage, and surgical resection of the lesion mandated the external carotid artery to be exposed for proximal control.

Leontiasis ossea is a rare medical condition which is characterized by an overgrowth of the facial and cranial bones secondary to chronic renal failure and secondary hyperparathyroidism. We reported a case of leontiasis ossea with history of secondary hyperparathyroidism due to end-stage renal disease on regular hemodialysis. A 37-year-old female with end-stage renal disease from lupus disease on regular hemodialysis complaining of progressive facial deformity for two years causing dyspnea, dental malocclusion and dysarthria with the final diagnosis of uremic leontiasis ossea. It is important to recognize features of leontiasis ossea, as it may result in life-threatening upper airway obstruction and compressive cranial neuropathy while after parathyroidectomy, facial changes can be stabilized or improved mildly.

Recent advances in medical sciences, especially in imaging, have dramatically increased the use of contrast agents. The constantly changing nature of medicine and the availability of new information, such as new pharmaceutical formulations, have necessitated periodic revisions and drafting of new guidelines for the safe use of intravenous contrast agents in radiology. This study examined the majority of guidelines, articles, and authoritative references available on the use of intravenous contrast agents in adults to reduce the risk of contrast-induced nephropathy. The search engines of PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar were used, and relevant English articles cited at least twice between 1979 and 2014 were studied. Review of the collected papers showed no consensus among them for guidelines on the incidence of contrast-induced nephropathy in patients at risk. Different formulas were used to calculate estimated glomerular filtration rate, which could be problematic in some cases. Further studies are needed for unification of existing guidelines.

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