The heat resistance of Salmonella anatum inoculated onto the surface of cabbage slices as affected by acetic acid pretreatment (0.5-1.5% v/v) and hot air drying at 50-60 C was investigated. Approximately 1.5 log 10 of Salmonella numbers was reduced after soaking the vegetables in acetic acid solution. The inhibitory effect of acetic acid on the bacteria was more pronounced during drying. The heat resistance of Salmonella on the cabbage surface treated with acetic acid decreased considerably compared with untreated cabbage. Moreover, the vegetable treated with higher acetic acid concentration resulted in a higher degree of acid injury and hence increased the susceptibility to heat during drying. The results revealed that acetic acid pretreatment may be used as an additional processing step to increase the safety margin of dried vegetable products.

Chitosan, a naturally available biopolymer, was used as finishing agent to increase dye uptake and color fastness of cotton fabrics. Thian King leaves extract a natural dye was applied on cotton fabrics after chitosan treatment. The whiteness index and tensile strength of samples were measured to study the effect of chitosan application. The color of dyed samples was investigated in term of the colorimetric parameters (L*, a*, b*, ∆E) and K/S values. The color fastness to washing, rubbing and light of dyed samples was determined according to AATCC test method. The results showed that the chitosan concentration enhances the whiteness index and tensile strength of the treated cotton fabrics. Chitosan treatment showed increase dye uptake of cotton fabrics. Fastness properties of these to washing, rubbing and light have also been discussed.

The pad dyeing offers the most economical and convenient method of dyeing cotton fabric. The energy and water consumptions are at the lowest, thus rendering it more eco friendly. The dyeing of cotton fabric was carried out with dye extraction from the uncaria gambir by using two padding techniques, namely the pad-batch and pad-cure techniques under different conditions. The effect of dyeing method and mordant on color strength and colorimetric parameters (L*, a*, b*, and ΔE) were evaluated. The color fastness to wash, light and perspiration after dyeing the cotton fabric treated with the mordant was determined according to AATCC test method. The study showed that the color strength (K/S) of the dyed cotton fabric using pad-cure method higher than those dyed cotton fabric using pad-batch method. Meta-mordanting showed increase dye uptake and color fastness of cotton fabrics.

Cotton fabrics were treated with 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic acid (BTCA) and then dyed with a natural dye extracted from henna (Lawsonia inermisLinn.) leaves. The effect of BTCA concentration on the dyeing properties of cotton fabrics was studied by measuring the K/S values of the treated dyed cotton fabrics. The wrinkle recovery angles of the treated dyed cotton fabrics were assessed. The results proved that the BTCA treated cotton fabrics showed increase dye uptake of cotton fabrics. Concentration of BTCA enhances the durable press and tensile strength of the dyed cotton fabrics. Fastness properties of these to wash, rub and light have also been discussed.