Introduction:In 1860, Albert Niemann isolated cocaine from leaves and reported that by placing the crystals on his tongue, and his tongue became benumb. In the Brazil is a country with greatest annual consumption rates becoming one of the biggest consumer markets of cocaine worldwide. The objective of this study, carried out through a questionnaire survey, was to find out the degree of knowledge of anesthesiologists from a tertiary hospital in their conduct towards a cocaine user. Methods:The study is a research of descriptive exploratory, prospective, transversally cut, quantitative, through the application of a questionnaire in Department of Anesthesia with patients using cocaine. Anesthesiology residents of the hospital were excluded. The questionnaire (Appendix A) was applied from July to December 2020 with four identification questions and five open questions relevant to the objective of the study. To analyze the data, we use Descriptive Statistics graphs to profile the individual surveyed and build their respective distribution. Results:The percentage of response was obtained in 66.6% of the teams, 28 men and 12 women. The duration of anesthesia practice ranged from 1 to 36 years. Of the 40 anesthetists, 75% suspend the surgery and 25% refer them to the operating room. All anesthesiologists find these patients during their month of work. Of the total 95% of anesthesiologists use clinical criteria. Of the 40 anesthetists, 36 believe that the guidelines for anesthesia in cocaine users should be reviewed. Conclusion:Anesthesiologists, as perioperative physicians, have a vital role to play in the comprehensive care in patients with addiction to licit or to illicit drugs. The study showed that anesthesiologists need to be proactive and that there is a need to revise the guidelines for these patients.