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This paper presents the development of a wake-up receiver (WuRX) at nanowatt power levels for event-driven applications. This paper improves the state of the art, obtaining higher sensitivity than previous work in the 151.8-and 433-bands, low-power operation, and robustness to interference due to an integrated offset compensation algorithm operating without any external calibration. Simultaneous low-power operation and high sensitivity are achieved through a passive detector design based upon a terminal impedance boundary condition-based optimization of the detector dictated by the terminal impedances of the detector. This paper is implemented in a 130-nm CMOS process and obtains −76 dBm at the 151.8-MHz multi-use radio service (MURS) band and −71 dBm at the 433-MHz Industrial, Scientific and Medical (ISM) band with a total dc power draw of just 7.6 nW from 1.0-and 0.6-V supplies. Index Terms-Envelope detector, near-zero-power, ultra-lowpower RF, wake-up receiver (WuRx). I. INTRODUCTION E VENT-DRIVEN smart sensor nodes are an emerging technology platform promising a wide application range ranging from agricultural [1], industrial, infrastructural [2], and perimeter monitoring applications. Event-driven sensor systems spend the majority of their life in an "asleep-yet-aware state" drawing a minimal amount of dc power yet remaining aware of the ambient environment through both ultra-lowpower sensors systems as well as sensing for wake-up events through their WuRx. One major limitation of large-scale smart sensor networks is the impracticability of battery replacement, which drives the need for extremely long sensor lifetimes [3]. Recent advances in near-zero power-level WuRxs [4] have allowed for an extreme reduction in WuRx's power consumption and a significant improvement in the sensitivity of the WuRx front end (see Fig. 1). Still, there is a need for both higher sensitivity and greater robustness to interference in these near-zero power-level receivers.

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