The aim of this research was to increase the application of different osmotic dehydration solutions to decrease the drying time, and decrease the loss of quality after drying and during storage of apples. Sucrose and trehalose solutions with 20 and 50 Brix concentrations were applied. Drying experiments were performed at 50, 60 and 70C using a hot air dryer. Changes in color, water activity, vitamin C, dry matter, total phenol content and mechanical properties were determined with 3-month intervals. Trehalose pretreatments, especially with 50 Brix concentration, generally decreased the drying time. Trehalose pretreatment with 20 Brix had better effects on quality characteristics. Texture of the samples pretreated using 50 Brix sucrose and trehalose stayed more stable just after drying. Lowest change in puncture force was found in 50 Brix trehalose-treated samples even after 12 months. Samples pretreated using 20 Brix trehalose had the higher preference by the panelists. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSApple drying is rather important because of large production capacity in the world. For reducing quality losses and the cost, osmotic pretreatments and then using cabin or tunnel dryers, which are based on hot air circulating, have been widely used. Usually sucrose, dextrin, glucose have been used for osmotic dehydration implementations to fruits like apple, kiwi and mango, until now. Sucrose implementation is the most successful for fruits and therefore it has widest usage in fruit processing. But there are many disadvantages of using sucrose like caramelization and changes in flavor and viscosity. Our previous research showed that trehalose has rather good effects to improve the quality of dried vegetables such as carrot and potato. The results of this research can also serve as a valuable resource to further researches for utilization of alternative osmotic materials such as trehalose similar to our research to decrease negative effects of drying process.

Abstract-Rapeseeds (Brassica napus oleifera L.) were analyzed for some physical properties production in Kırklareli province. Also some physical properties of rapeseed such as seed moisture content, length, diameter, mass of single seed, thousand seed mass, geometric mean diameter, sphericity, seed volume, density, accumulation angle and friction coefficient have been determined. Kernel moisture, thousand kernel mass, plant length, plant stem diameter, yield of the harvested crop were determined as 8.34 %, 4.74 g, 158.2 cm, 8.10 mm, 3204 kg/ha, respectively. Length, diameter, mass of single kernel, geometric mean diameter, sphericity, bulk density, accumulation angle and friction coefficient were found as 2.

It is important to know the behaviours of materials used to design and manufacture farm trailers in the same way as is necessary for all mechanical systems. Fatigue tests for trailers give an idea about the behaviours of its components. Simulators are very useful test systems for applying fatigue tests under laboratory conditions. The aim of this research was to determine the effects of different twisting angles of a trailer chassis on a farm trailer by using a simulator apparatus. Tests were carried out in either static or dynamic conditions. The minimum and maximum twisting angles were selected as 210u and +10u for all tests respectively. The farm trailer was twisted for each 2u and the system was stopped to measure the forces for static conditions. Measured forces were used to calculate the twisting moments. The experimental apparatus ran continuously between 210u and +10u and the forces were measured for each 2u under dynamic conditions. The tests were performed at 26 cycles/min for twisting angles of ¡10u. The energy absorbed through hysteresis by the trailer chassis was calculated as 27 980 N m. The total energy and the coefficient of absorption ability of the chassis were calculated as 107 849 N m and 25.9 per cent respectively. The materials of the trailer chassis must be more elastic than this value according to the literature to absorb vibrations created by the road or field. When the twisting moment of the trailer is smaller, it is possible that the trailer may fall over when going round a bend in the road. Stability requires high twisting moments. The absorption of vibration, however, requires smaller twisting moments.