No abstract

The functional significance of ammonia production in brain under physiological or pathological conditions is not clearly known. NH4+ stimulates Na+, K+ activated ATPase causing stabilization of neuronal membranes of which gangliosides are major structural components. Moreover ammonia is known to inhibit lysosomal enzymes which include enzymes degrading gangliosides. Gangliosides have been shown to stimulate neuritogenesis in neuronal cultures and prevent the damage of the neurons from glutamate toxicity particularly in areas of brain ischemia. Hyperammonemia without any behavioural changes was induced in experimental rats by intraperitoneal administration of either a single dose (0.8 mmol/100 g wt.) or by six 'hourly' doses (0.6 mmol/100 g wt.) of ammonium acetate. An increase in the content of gangliosides along with a rise in the content of GD1A and GD1B without any change in beta-galactosidase and N-acetylhexosaminidase was observed in cerebral cortex, cerebellum, and brain stem, following the administration of single dose of ammonium acetate. Gangliosides, after extraction from the different brain regions, were estimated by the thiobarbituric acid method and expressed in terms of sialic acid. Individual gangliosides were separated and estimated by thin layer chromatography using resorcinol as the staining agent. These results suggest that ammonia production in the neuronal pathways in brain either as a result of repeated stimulation under physiological conditions or as a result of focal ischemia or injury, may likewise cause an increase in the content of gangliosides which may help in neuritic growth (physiological conditions facilitating synaptic plasticity) and may exert a protective effect on the neurons in the ischemic area against glutamate toxicity.

Plastics has become the necessity of our daily life. Its production and consumption has been rising rapidly due to its wide range of application in the domestic and industrial usage. But due to its non-biodegradable nature, it cannot be easily decomposed in the environment and hence is a major issue of Environment pollution. So, nowadays new technology is being used to treat the waste plastic by a known chemical reaction - pyrolysis. Under the pyrolytic conditions and cracking process, the plastic wastes can be decomposed into three different states thereby the converted product can be reused in different processes. The waste plastics consisting of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) was pyrolyzed using catalyst and the recovered crude was analyzed and used as flow improvers. The liquid hydrocarbons obtained from the Pyrolysis of waste polymer products was used as diluent to change the characteristics of crude oil. The aim of the research work is to evaluate the change in the flow when blended with the Crude oil of different place. The Crude oil was Blended with the recycled diluents were in different fractions of 5%, 15%, and 25% of diluent. The plastic pyrolysis oil were then tested in a with fractions of 5, 10 and 15 volume% of diluent and their performance and characteristics analyzed and compare with it. Keywords: Catalyst, Paraffinic Oil, Recycled waste, Pour Point, Blended Oil