No abstract

Arsenic groundwater contamination exceeding 0.05 mg/l affecting the Newer Alluvial tracts of Patna and Bhojpur, the two worst affected districts located in the Middle Ganga Plain in the Bihar state, has been studied The area is underlain by two-tier Quaternary aquifer systems within a depth of 300 m below ground level, separated by a 15-32-m-thick clay/sandy clay aquitard. The upper part (<50 m depth) of the shallow aquifer system is arsenic-contaminated. The deeper aquifer system (lying below 120-130 m depth) exhibits low arsenic load (max 0.0035 mg/l), having hydraulic conductivity between 64.88 and 82.04 m/day. Groundwater in the deeper aquifer occurs under semi-confined to confined condition due to poor hydraulic conductivity of the middle clay (4.7×10(-2)-7.2×10(-3) m/day). Hydraulic head of the deeper aquifer remains close to the surface than the shallow aquifer. The two aquifer systems in the Newer Alluvium are replaced by a thick single aquifer system in the adjoining Older Alluvium, within a depth of 330 m below ground. In the arsenic-contaminated area, deeper aquifer is protected by a middle clay, which may be developed for community drinking water supply by deep tube wells having a yield capacity of 150 m3/h.

In this article we introduce the paranormed sequence spaces ( f , Λ, Δ m , p),, associated with the multiplier sequence Λ = (λ k ), defined by a modulus function f . We study their different properties like solidness, symmetricity, completeness etc. and prove some inclusion results.

Estimates of sediment yield are needed for studies of reservoir sedimentation, river morphology and planning of soil and water conservation measures. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool model, a physically based distributed hydrological model, is utilized for sediment yield estimation in the Burhanpur subbasin measuring an area of 8487 km 2 in Upper Tapi catchment. The basin shows large heterogeneity in terms of hydrological parameters, land use -land cover and soil features. The model has been calibrated and validated using observed run-off and sediment yield data of 12 years at the basin outlet. The average values for Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) and RSR for sediment yield are found to be 0.85 and 0.36, respectively, which are within satisfactory limits.