A comparison of 13 different methods of estimating mean areal rainfall was made on two areas in New Mexico, U.S.A., and one area in Great Britain. Daily, monthly and yearly rainfall data were utilized. All methods, in general, yielded comparable estimates, especially for yearly values. This suggested that a simpler method would be preferable for estimating mean areal rainfall in these areas.

“Standard” pressurized water reactor (PWR) calculation procedures based on two-group diffusion theory are used to compute the relative pin-power distribution in the VENUS-I and VENUS-II benchmark configurations. These two critical lattices simulate PWR cores which have fresh (UO2) and uranium/plutonium (MO2) pins on the core periphery, respectively. The purpose of the study is to establish the accuracy of these methods, which are used to obtain the core source distribution for RPV fluence calculations, by comparing the calculated with the experimentally determined relative power variation. Special consideration is given to the core periphery region, which contributes most heavily to the RPV fluence. It is found that the diffusion calculations agree to within 5 to 10% of the measurements for both the uranium and MO2 cores. It is estimated that this order of source discrepancy will cause only about 5% uncertainty in the computed RPV fluence.

Introduction: Ocular surgeries and glaucoma can lead to nausea and vomiting due to raised intraocular pressure. Our present study is to evaluate the raised intraocular pressure during general anesthesia in non-ocular surgeries as a possible contributing factor for postoperative nausea and vomiting. Design: Prospective randomized controlled study Setting: Anesthesia department of a tertiary care university teaching hospital Material and methods:60 patients of ASA grade-I undergoing surface surgeries were randomly divided equally into two groups. Group-I patients were intubated with vecuronium bromide (.1mg/kg) and group-II with succinylcholine (2mg/kg). Intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements were taken by Shiotz tonometer perioperatively at predefined intervals. In the post-operative period every episode of nausea, retching and vomiting was recorded for first 36 hours following the induction of anesthesia. Results: Age, sex & duration of anaesthesia between two groups were statistically insignificant (p>0.05). There was a fall in IOP in Gr.I and a rise in IOP in Gr.II from preinduction to pre-intubation. There was a considerable rise of IOP at intubation in both groups, but in Gr. II the rise was seen above pre-induction level. The incidence of PONV was statistically significant in female population in both groups but insignificant difference was found in total episodes of PONV at any of the time intervals studied between two groups. Discussion: IOP increases after induction with succinylcholine and further increases after intubation and extubation. IOP seldom crosses the baseline value after administration of vecuronium. The incidence of PONV and the number of the patients requiring antiemetic treatment recorded in both groups is statistically insignificant. The maximum episodes of PONV were within 6-12 hours and could be explained by wearing out of analgesia and sedation. Nausea and vomiting were negligible after 24 hours due to subsidence of precipitating factors. Conclusion: Transient rises in IOP caused by succinylcholine do not affect the incidence and distribution of PONV