Background:The term molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) has been described as a clinical entity of systemic origin affecting the enamel of one or all first permanent molars and also the incisors; less frequently the second primary molars have also been reported to develop hypomineralization of the enamel, along with MIH.Aim:To scrutinize the association between hypomineralized second primary molars (HSPMs) and MIH and their prevalence in schoolgoing pupils in Nagpur, Maharashtra, India and the associated severity of dental caries.Design:A sample of 1,109 pupils belonging to 3–12-year-old age group was included. The entire sample was then divided into Group I (3–5 years) and Group II (6–12 years). The scoring criteria proposed by the European Academy of Pediatric Dentistry for hypomineralization was used to score HSPM and MIH. The International Caries Detection and Assessment System II (ICDAS II) was used for appraising caries status in the hypomineralized molars. The examination was conducted by a single calibrated dentist in schools in daylight. The results, thus obtained, were statistically analyzed using Chi-square test and odds ratio.Result:Of the children examined, 10 in Group I (4.88%) had HSPM and 63 in Group II (7.11%) had MIH in at least one molar. In Group II, out of 63 subjects diagnosed with MIH, 30 subjects (48%) also had HSPM. Carious lesions with high severity were appreciated in hypomineralized molars.Conclusion:The prevalence of HSPM was 4.88% and of MIH was 7.11%. Approximately half of the affected first permanent molars were associated with HSPM. The likelihood of development of caries increased with the severity of hypomineralization defect.

Background: Younger generation has been getting habituated to areca nut and its products are easily available in attractive pouches, i.e., sweet supari, ghutka, kharra, etc. Tobacco and its products, being cheap and convenient to carry, have become popular in school children, resulting in various alteration of oral mucosa, one of them being oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF). Aim:To assess the prevalence of OSMF in children of rural areas of Nagpur, Maharashtra (India). Materials and methods:Cross-sectional survey was carried out among 8-to 17-year-old school children in rural areas of Nagpur, Maharashtra. Thorough oral examination was carried out for recording oral changes related to OSMF, with questions regarding use of tobacco and its products. The data thus collected was subjected to statistical analysis. Results:Examination was carried out in 2,132 children; 7.3% children were found with the habit of chewing areca nut products, i.e., sweet supari, kharra, gutka, etc., and 2.9% children were found with OSMF. Conclusion:Onset of disease is seen early because of use of areca nut at an early age. Lack of awareness in rural areas, deficient oral health program, and areca nut chewing being the most common factors for OSMF.