Normal intracranial translucency values during first trimester gestation in regional south Indian population: cross sectional study. Background: Pregnancy is associated with a plethora of changes, which has to be monitored regularly with diagnostics like ultrasound, however the shortcomings of US requires alternatives such as intracranial translucency to detect anatomic malformations in the fetus.  Estimate the normal reference values of intracranial translucency in the first trimester screening of low risk singleton pregnancy using ultrasonography  Assess the relation between intracranial translucency & Crown rump length  Assess the relation between intracranial translucency and Nuchal translucency Materials and methods: Study was carried out amongst 117 pregnant females between 18-45 years who came for First trimester aneuploidy screening attending MGMCRI, Puducherry. Results:The maximum no of pregnant women <25 years (47.9%). The mean gestational age was 12.36 weeks {12-12.6 weeks (69.2%)}. The mean crown rump length, intra-cranial translucency and nuchal translucency, wherein the recorded mean values were found to be 6.36, 1.56 & 1.60 respectively. At 11 to 14 weeks of Gestation, the IT was 1.1to 2.5 mm & the CRL increased from 51 to 80 mm with the mean NT values increasing from 1.16 to 2.2. Conclusion:Our study made it evident that Intracranial Translucency can be easily measured while scanning for NT, which is backed by the positive correlation between the IT measurements against the gestational week and CRL length, with a linear advancement & there exists a positive correlation between NT & CRL, amongst normal singleton pregnancies of south Indian population. Hence, intracranial translucency can be used as an early assessment tool for the diagnosis of any malformations associated with the fetus.

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Background: Anatomical, structural as well as severity of brachial plexus injuries is evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging which determines the type of treatment as well as the prognosis. However, limitations such as static imaging, availability, cost-effectiveness & complexity of procedure has led to search of cheaper diagnostic modalities like ultrasonography which has potency to overcome such limitations. Therefore, this study was carried out to assess efficacy of ultrasound in post ganglionic brachial plexus injury. Materials and Methods:A cross sectional comparative study was conducted in the department of Radio-diagnosis of Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute from January 2021 to June 2022 amongst 23 patients diagnosed with traumatic & clinically consistent brachial plexus injury who underwent surgical intervention. The outcome measures assessed were level of injury, site of injury, neuroma, rupture, neuropraxia / nerve thickening / probable scar block. Results: The majority of the subjects were males, with left sided injuries accounting for 52.2%. Root injuries (47.8%) were more common than trunk, division (26% each). USG showed 81.8% sensitivity & 100% specificity for rupture; 100% sensitivity & 92.3% specificity for neuroma & 50% sensitivity for nerve thickening. We recorded sensitivity & specificity rate of 100% for rupture, neuroma & nerve thickening on assessment by MRI. USG could not pick up T1 root injuries and lower trunk injuries. Conclusion: Ultrasonography recorded a high degree of accuracy in identifying the postganglionic brachial plexus injury associated with proximal roots, divisions, upper and middle trunks in the lateral region of the neck while the imaging in lower trunk was limited. Therefore, we conclude that ultrasonography supersedes limitations of MRI such as static imaging, expensive & technique sensitivity, which makes it a more lucrative diagnostic modality for studying the brachial plexus in adjunct or absence of MRI.

Background: The present study aimed to compare the accuracy between conventional MRV with 2D Time of Flight sequence versus contrast enhanced MRV in Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis. Materials and methods: This was a hospital based ambispective study that was conducted from Jan 2021 to Jun 2022 in Department of Radiodiagnosis in Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute (MGMCRI), Pondicherry after obtaining approval from Ethical Committee. Patients admitted in MGMCRI as clinically suspected cases of CVT was included for the study. It was an ambispective study, so included records of patients retrospectively from JAN 2019 to DEC 2020 and prospectively from JAN 2021 to MAY 2022 in Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute. Results:The study was conducted as a hospital based ambispective study comprising 30 patients of either sex. Majority of the study participants were in the age group of less than 25 years and were females (73.3%). Majority of the female study participants were in puerperium. Majority of the study patients had headache on presentation (73.3%). Sensitivity and specificity of MR TOF in diagnosing SSS thrombosis was 92.31% and 50% respectively. Sensitivity and specificity of MR TOF in diagnosing LS thrombosis was 79.17% and 33.33% respectively. Sensitivity and specificity of MR TOF in diagnosing STS thrombosis was 100% and 34.78% respectively. Conclusion: Multicentric large scale studies involving patients from different backgrounds of variable demography was required to clearly establish the accuracy of MRI investigations. The performance of contrast enhanced 3D MRV was superior in terms of picture quality and evaluation of all sinuses and veins. The findings of our study contributed to the body of data supporting the advantages of contrast enhanced 3D MR venography over 2D TOF MR Venography in the routine clinical diagnosis or exclusion of acute CVT.

Background: Classification of retroperitoneal masses due to its specific masses aid in their accurate diagnosis and management. Evaluation of retroperitoneal masses are challenging due to overlapping imaging findings. Among the several imaging modalities, researchers have considered ultrasonography (USG) and multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) as the imaging modalities of choice. The use of USG over MDCT was preferred in a rural population due to high cost and ionizing radiations of MDCT. Aim and Objective: To evaluate the utility of USG and MDCT to identify and categorize retroperitoneal masses and to correlate the USG findings with that of MDCT. Materials and Method: Seventy-two patients with signs and symptoms of retroperitoneal masses were evaluated by both USG and MDCT. Ultrasound characteristics like size, appearance, echotexture, vascularity and other findings were studied. The findings were then compared with the findings of MDCT. Subjects were evaluated for study variables from USG and CT which were presented as percentages. Based on percentages, the accuracy was calculated. Results: Of the 72 patients included in the study, USG had accuracy of 76.4% in the identification and characterization of the retroperitoneal masses as compared to that of MDCT. Conclusion:Ultrasound can be considered as the primary tool for evaluating retroperitoneal lesions and MDCT for confirmation and for evaluating the complete extent of the lesions.