A Gram-stain positive, long, rod-shaped, motile, and spore-forming bacterium (MEB199T) was isolated from a sediment sample collected from Lonar Lake, India. The strain was oxidase and catalase positive. The strain grew optimally at pH 10, NaCl concentration of 3.5% at 37°C. The major fatty acids were iso-C15:0, iso-C16:0, anteiso-C15:0, and iso-C17:0. The peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid (meso-DAP). Phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, and phosphatidylglycerol were the major polar lipids of MEB199T. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain MEB199T belonged to the family Bacillaceae and exhibited a distinctive position among the members of the genus Alkalihalobacillus (Ahb.). Strain MEB199T shared the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Alkalihalobacillus alkalinitrilicus ANL-iso4T (98.36%), whereas with type species Ahb. alcalophilus DSM 485T, it is 94.91%, indicating that strain MEB199T is distinctly related to the genus Alkalihalobacillus. The G + C content of genomic DNA was 36.47 mol%. The digital DNA–DNA hybridization (dDDH) (23.6%) and average nucleotide identity (ANI) (81%) values between strain MEB199T and Ahb. alkalinitrilicus ANL-iso4T confirmed the novelty of this new species. The pairwise identity based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence between the species of genus Alkalihalobacillus ranges from 87.4 to 99.81% indicating the heterogeneity in the genus. The different phylogenetic analysis based on the genome showed that the members of the genus Alkalihalobacillus separated into eight distinct clades. The intra-clade average amino acid identity (AAI) and percentage of conserved proteins (POCP) range from 52 to 68% and 37 to 59%, respectively, which are interspersed on the intra-genera cutoff values; therefore, we reassess the taxonomy of genus Alkalihalobacillus. The phenotypic analysis also corroborated the differentiation between these clades. Based on the phylogenetic analysis, genomic indices, and phenotypic traits, we propose the reclassification of the genus Alkalihalobacillus into seven new genera for which the names Alkalihalobacterium gen. nov., Halalkalibacterium gen. nov., Halalkalibacter gen. nov., Shouchella gen. nov., Pseudalkalibacillus gen. nov., Alkalicoccobacillus gen. nov., and Alkalihalophilus gen. nov. are proposed and provide an emended description of Alkalihalobacillus sensu stricto. Also, we propose the Ahb. okuhidensis as a heterotypic synonym of Alkalihalobacillus halodurans. Based on the polyphasic taxonomic analysis, strain MEB199T represents a novel species of newly proposed genus for which the name Alkalihalobacterium elongatum gen. nov. sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is MEB199T (= MCC 2982T, = JCM 33704T, = NBRC 114256T, = CGMCC 1.17254T).

A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, non-motile bacterium, strain PRD07, was isolated from Godavari river, India during the world's largest spiritual and religious mass bathing event 'Kumbh Mela'. Molecular analysis using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and phylogenetic analysis reveals the distinct phylogenetic positioning of strain PRD07 within the genus Corynebacterium. The strain demonstrated highest sequence similarity to Corynebacterium imitans DSM 44264 (97.9 %), Corynebacterium appendicis DSM 44531 (97.1 %) and <96.7 % with all other members of the genus Corynebacterium. The G+C content of PRD07 was 68.5 mol% (Tm) and the DNA-DNA hybridization depicts 61.09 % genomic relatedness with C. imitans DSM 44264. Chemotaxonomic assessment of strain PRD07 suggested presence of C16 : 0 (31.6 %), C18 : 0 (3.5 %) and C18 : 1ω9c (58.6 %) as the major cellular fatty acids. The major polar lipids of strain PRD07 were phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol and glycophospholipid. Differentiating molecular, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic characteristics of strain PRD07 with its closest relatives necessitated the description of strain PRD07 as a novel species of genus Corynebacterium for which the name Corynebacteriumgodavarianum sp. nov., has been proposed. The type strain is PRD07 (=MCC 3388=KCTC 39803=LMG 29598).

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A Gram-stain-negative, yellowish-orange pigmented, rod-shaped, motile bacterium, designated strain ARC111, was isolated from sediment of Arctic permafrost at Midtre Lovénbreen glacier, Svalbard. 16S rRNA gene based identification of strain ARC111 demonstrated highest sequence similarities to Subsaxibacter broadyi P7 (97.8 %) and Subsaxibacter arcticus JCM30334 (97.5 %) and ≤95.2 % with all other members of the family Flavobacteriaceae. Phylogenetic analysis revealed the distinct positioning of strain ARC111 within the genus Subsaxibacter. The G+C content of ARC111 was 37.8±0.5 mol% while DNA-DNA hybridization depicted 35.6 % relatedness with S. arcticus JCM30334. Strain ARC111 had C15 : 0iso, C16 : 0iso 3-OH, C15 : 1iso G, C15 : 0anteiso, C16 : 1iso H and C17 : 0iso 3-OH as major (>5 % of the total) cellular fatty acids and MK-6 was the predominant respiratory quinone. The polar lipid profile of strain ARC111 consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, aminolipid and an unidentified lipid. Strain ARC111 harboured sym-homospermidine as the major polyamine. Characteristic differences obtained using polyphasic analysis of strain ARC111 and its closest relatives suggested that strain ARC111 is a novel species of genus Subsaxibacter, for which the name Subsaxibacter sediminis sp. nov. has been proposed. The type strain is ARC111 (=MCC 3191=KCTC 42965=LMG 29783=GDMCC 1.1201).