Urinary tract infection is one of the infectious diseases affecting both genders. The causative microbial pathogens invade the urinary tract tissues extending from the renal cortex to the urethral meatus. The prevalence of drug resistant microbes in urinary tract infected cases is a major problem to solve. With this background the epidemiology of urinary tract infection among the population of Kanyakumari District, South India was studied. For the present study medical practitioners suspected cases visiting for clinical evaluation in a major clinical laboratory were chosen as samples. In a period of 6 months observation a total of 1824 cases were subjected to various clinical analysis. Among them 1029 were females and 795 were males. A clinical examination of the suspected cases showed culture positive in the samples taken from males (37.23%) and females (37.99%). The age wise study of the culture positive cases indicates that the UTI infection occurs from infants (1 month) to elderly people (90-100 years). In the study area the percentage of UTI is common in women in the reproductive age and post-menopausal stage. Diabetic mellitus prevalent in post-menopausal women has a link with UTI incidence. In the elderly aged male's diabetes and prostrate problem enhances UTI. The pregnant women and newly married women in the age group 21-30 are more prone to UTI. The present study also reports pediatric UTI in both genders. Lifestyle changes, poor personal hygiene, nutritive problem, catheter use, unclean baby napkins and immune deficiency were identified to be the factors favoring UTI in the study area. An analysis of UTI positive culture showed the presence of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphyllococcus saprophyticus, Margonella margonii, Streptococcus sp, Staphyllococcus aureus, Enterococcus sp, Proteus vulgaris, Chromobacterium violaceum, Serratia spp and the fungi Candida sp.

Introduction: Surgical ciliated cyst (SCC) is a type of true epithelial lined antral cysts, which mostly occurs in maxilla from the sinonasal mucosa and gland, comprising 20% of all oral cysts in Japan. It is also called as postoperative maxillary cyst or postoperative paranasal cyst. The etiology is believed to be post trauma or surgery in the region of maxillary antrum. Patient concerns: Patient's concern is less evident in this cystic pathology, because this cyst even though an aggressive cyst, presents with fewer symptoms that can be uncomfortable to the patient or push them to seek medical attention. Often, this becomes an incidental finding during routine postoperative follow-up. Rationale: The rationale behind this report is to emphasize even a traumatic extraction of tooth can damage the floor of the sinus and lead to the cyst formation. Report: We report a case of SCC in a 76-year-old female of the left maxillary sinus possibly after a traumatic extraction of the tooth, for which enucleation of the cyst was done as a primary modality of treatment. Diagnosis: Diagnosis was made after a computed tomography (CT) scan and incisional biopsy. Diagnosis of such rare cases poses a great challenge due to its paucity in etiology, and it often requires a CT scan that becomes an essential gold standard investigation. Outcomes: Patient is currently under one year follow up and without any signs of recurrence. Lessons: It should be acknowledged that tampering trauma or with sinus mucosa can trigger the formation of a SCC of the maxilla, and it should always be considered as a possible sequel after any procedure of such potential in the maxilla.

Urinary tract infection is one of the infectious diseases affecting both genders. The presence of drug resistant microbes in urinary tract infected cases is a major problem to solve. With this background the epidemiology of urinary tract infection among the population of Kanya kumari District, South India was traced. For the present study medical practitioners suspected cases visiting for clinical evaluation in a major clinical laboratory were chosen as samples. In a period of 6 months observation a total of 1824 cases were subjected to various clinical analysis. Among them 1029 were females and 795 were males. A clinical examination of the suspected cases showed culture positive in the samples taken from males (37.23%) and females (37.99%). The age wise study of the culture positive cases indicate that the UTI infection occurs from infants (1 month) to elderly people (90-100 years). In the study area the percentage of UTI is common in women in the reproductive age and post-menopausal stage. The pregnant women and newly married women in the age group 21-30 are more prone to UTI. The present study also reports pediatric UTI in both genders. Life Style changes, poor personal hygiene, nutritive problem, catheter use, unclean baby napkins and immune deficiency were identified as the factors favoring UTI in the study area. An analysis of UTI positive culture showed the presence of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphyllococcus saprophyticus, Margonella margonii, Streptococcus sp, Staphyllococcus aureus, Enterococcus sp, Proteus vulgaris, Chromobacterium violaceum, Serratia spp and the fungi Candida sp.

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