No abstract

Breast masses range from benign to malignant with varied etiologies. Fibroadenoma the Commonest benign and invasive ductal carcinomas are the commonest malignant lesions. Breast carcinoma is the most common and the second leading cause of deaths in women. It is present fully accepted that breast magnetic resonance is amongst the most sensitive diagnostic imaging techniques for breast lesions. DWI-MR (diffusion weighted magnetic resonance) provides new and different information about the biophysical properties of tissue. The consequent reduction of macroscopic motion effect makes possible the use of DWI in detection and characterization in breast MRI imaging. These facts and figures defines the need for early detection and treatment of breast for favourable prognosis. DWI has sufficient capacity to diagnose invasive, non-invasive breast lesions and has the ability to provide steady, high-resolution tissue images and there is a need to apply DWI to clinical practice while taking advantage of this high contrast resolution. Diffusion weighted Imaging is a potential resource as an adjuvant to breast MRI to differentiate benign from malignant lesions. Such sequence can be easily added to the standard breast magnetic resonance protocol. The present study was planned in Department of Radio- Diagnosis, Katihar Medical College and Hospital, Katihar, Bihar, India. Total 20 cases of the breast lesions refereed to our hospital were evaluated in the present study. Those patients who had come for breast MRI examinations and were detected to have lesions greater than 1 cm in size were included in the study and DWI was performed after obtaining prior consent. Patients who were referred for mammography and sonomammography and who were detected to have solid lesions greater than 1 cm were also included in this study after obtaining prior consent; diffusion-weighted sequences were performed for these patients only to characterize the lesions detected on mammography and sonomammography. The data generated from the present study concludes that DWI for breast lesions can differentiate benign from malignant lesions with a high sensitivity and specificity. The usefulness of this technique needs to be further evaluated with larger double-blind studies. Keywords: Diffusion Weighted Imaging, DWI, Breast Masses, etc.

Information regarding specific anatomic anomalies affords the physician the opportunity to offer the patient sophisticated prenatal procedures, such as fetal surgery or selective fetal reduction in multiple gestations. Likewise, prenatal knowledge about genetic, physiologic, and/or anatomic abnormalities enables the physician to tailor or manage the timing and mode of delivery for optimal maternal and fetal outcomes. Prenatal diagnosis also allows the neonatal and paediatric specialists to be adequately prepared for a potentially ill neonate at delivery. Recent progress in the fields of maternal fetal medicine, radiology, and genetics has resulted in great advances in prenatal diagnosis. Ultrasonography is the initial modality for evaluation of pregnant patient because of its widespread availability and reasonable cost, with other modalities used only if Ultrasonography results are non diagnostic. Hence based on above data the present study was planned Study of Congenital Fetal anomalies with the Help of Sonographic Evaluation. The present study was planned in Department of Radio- Diagnosis, Katihar Medical College and Hospital, Katihar, Bihar, India. All pregnant females of second trimester who are referred from obstetrics and gynaecology department and thus sent to department of Radio diagnosis for antenatal Sonographic examination. A complete antenatal ultrasound examination of pregnant women included in the study will be done using gray scale & colour duplex examination. Obstetric ultrasonography has become an important part of routine antenatal care. Routine anomaly screening improves perinatal outcome directly through termination of pregnancy for certain anomalies. Congenital fetal anomalies are one of the most threatening complications which are prevalent in the society associated with severe morbidity and mortality in the new born fetus or neonates. Ultrasound is the best possible non-invasive technique available to detect any congenital anomalies in pregnant women which will help to identify the severity of the disease, its outcome leading to pregnancy termination or gives an opportunity for fetal therapy or better neonatal care. Keywords: Congenital Fetal anomalies, Sonography, etc.