M etastatic spread represents around 10% 1 of all parotid malignancies. These are most commonly from squamous cell carcinomas and melanomas of the head and neck. Metastases from a primary tumor below the clavicles are extremely uncommon. We report a case of a patient presenting with a parotid mass that subsequently turned out to be a secondary tumor from a renal cell carcinoma treated 7 years previously. We discuss diagnosis of this tumor and management options. A 74-year-old woman presented to the otolaryngology clinic with a 3-month history of a right-sided preauricular swelling. The swelling was mildly tender, and firm and measured 2 ϫ 2 cm. There was no clinical evidence of facial nerve involvement or any cervical lymphadenopathy. Examination of the ears, nose, and throat was unremarkable. Ultrasonic examination revealed a well-defined mass of low echogenicity at the inferior pole of the right parotid gland, with no other abnormality reported in the neck or lymph nodes. Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) examination was inconclusive on two occasions, even after ultrasonic guidance. A superficial parotidectomy was carried out with facial nerve preservation.

Tumor related tissue eosinophilia (TATE) is a known phenomenon but its role in prognostics and correlation with size of the primary tumor is still controversial. Using a stain, like Carbol chromotrope, that targets eosinophils exclusively and vividly, offers an advantage over haematoxylin and eosin, which was used in most of the studies. Forty-nine cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma, where the TNM staging has been recorded in their history, was taken and stained with Lendrum's carbol chromotrope. Significant difference in the eosinophil count with varying size of the tumor and a parallel increase in the number noted, with increase in size. There is a corresponding increase in the number of eosinophils infiltrating the tumor with increase in size of oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Aim:The aim of the present study was to evaluate and compare the bond strengths of different core structures to veneering porcelain. Materials and methods:Sixty specimens were divided into 4 groups of 15 each. Specimen fabrication was done according to the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) specifications 9693:1999. Group 1 comprised core structure made of cast alloy, group 2 from sintered metal, group 3 from milled zirconia and group 4 milled zirconia without liner at the interface. The shear bond strengths were recorded and the values obtained were statistically examined. Results:Highest values were recorded in group 3 and there were significant differences between groups 1 and 3 while groups 3 and 4 were not statistically different. This led us to imply that zirconia as a core structure provided maximum strengths and laser sintered metal came second. The results also pointed out that the role of the zirconia liner is not that crucial to attaining adequate strength. Conclusion:The present study concluded that zirconia and laser sintered metal are excellent core materials and feasible alternatives to cast alloy. We also concluded from our study that a zirconia liner did not affect the bond strength significantly and is not absolutely essential. Clinical significance:This study helps us to understand the role of materials used as core structures in enhancing the shear bond strength to veneer porcelains and also clarifies the role of a zirconia liner in the process.

Background: Oral lichen planus is a T-cell-mediated chronic inflammatory disease affecting approximately 1% to 2% of the population, the etiology of which is currently unknown. The objectives of this study were to observe if senescence occurs in oral lichen planus, through the assessment of the immunohistochemical expression of a novel marker for senescence called Senescence marker protein-30 or regucalcin, and compare the expression to that in oral lichenoid reaction and non-specific inflammation. Subjects and Methods: The study material consisted of 30 cases of oral lichen planus, 15 cases of oral lichenoid reaction and 15 cases of non-specific inflammation. The number of positive cells in ten randomly selected high power fields were counted in the epithelium and the connective tissue separately and the mean was determined. Results: Mann–Whitney U test was used to statistically analyze if there was any significant difference in the expression of Senescence marker protein-30 between oral lichen planus, oral lichenoid reaction and non-specific inflammation. Even though a greater expression was seen in the oral lichen planus cases than oral lichenoid reaction, the difference in both the epithelium and connective tissue was not statistically significant. Conclusion: This study shows that in addition to the already known mechanisms like apoptosis and increased cell proliferation rates, the activated T-lymphocytes may also trigger a senescent change in the cells of oral lichen planus. As with the other mechanisms, this is also seen only in a small proportion of the cases.

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