Laparoscopic suturing skills require effective training and constant practice to perfect the technique. Adequate practice on this chicken model shortens the learning curve, makes the trainee more confident of his or her skills, and improves his operative performance.

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Background: The arm and forearm not in straight line when the elbow is completely extended and supinated; rather, it is displaced to lateral, and an angle known as carrying angle created between long axis of arm and forearm. Among children most common type of fracture seen in the elbow region is Supracondylar fracture. Any mal-union or Inaccurate reduction in these fracture will result in disabling and unsightly cubitus varus deformity. In order to prevent such defects pre-operative assessment of the deformity need to be done with a knowledge of carrying angle at that particular age of the children. Objectives: To define the normal values of the elbow carrying angle in particular age groups among children. Materials and Methods: The present cross sectional study was conducted by the Department of orthopaedics, Dr. D. Y. Patil Hospital at Kolhapur from January 2021 to June 2022. A total of 1000 children who belonged to aged group of 8 to 16 years of age were evaluated for the measurement of carrying angle during the study period by probability sampling with equal distribution of subjects in both the gender and in the age group of 8-16years. Results: The elbow carrying angle was found to be progressively increasing with the age among both the boys and girls and the difference was found to be statistically insignificant till 12 years. The Carrying angle showed peak around the age of 14 years and plateaued and further there was decrease in the angle as age advances. The correlation coefficient r is highest with age in boys and girls while the r values with other variables show only negligible correlation. Conclusion: Overall, it is approved that elbow carrying angle increased with age due to skeletal maturity. The gender, elbow carrying angle is usually higher in girls compared to boys; respectively however, it can’t be same always cause of inter-observer and individual variability.

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical and radiological outcome of internal fixation of distal end of femur fracture using locking compression plate. Commonly occurs in elderly patients following a trivial fall or in young adults following a high velocity trauma due to RTA. Treatment of distal femur fracture has been a great challenge with a variety of treatment modalities available and yet unpredictable outcomes. Surgical treatment has become the favourable choice after improvement in surgical techniques and implants. Materials and Method: A prospective study on 22 patients was conducted between the year august 2017-Dec 2018 with age group between 20-70 years with a mean age of 50, irrespective of sex. The patients were treated with internal fixation using locking compression plate and followed up at 6 months post-operatively. The clinical outcomes were evaluated using Neers scoring system at 6 months post-operatively. Result and Observation: The result showed that sixteen patients had excellent results, four had Good, one had fair and one failure. Conclusion:The treatment of distal femur fracture (AO type A, B and C) with a single LCP using direct lateral approach, good to excellent results were achieved in majority of the cases will full weight bearing to start as early as 18.03 weeks (average) and radiological union by 16 weeks (average) and therefore is our current choice for most AO/OTA type A, B and C fractures of distal femur requiring plate Osteosynthesis.