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Few attempts have been made to study perception of air pollution in varied socio-cultural settings of the developing countries in order to understand similarities and differences, if any, in the human response to pollution between developed and developing areas. 1 This paper presents the results of a study on the perception of air pollution hazard in the Chotanagpur industrial area of India. It is hoped that the study will make a contribution toward understanding of the awareness of air pollution hazard in a developing country. Air pollution control strategy consistent with the social and cultural institutions and priorities of a population can be developed through assessing the knowledge of perception of the environmental stress in the area.The study, conducted in 1974, employed a procedure developed for research on natural hazards. 2 Using a modified version of the standard natural hazard research questionnaire, socio-economic, religious, and other attributes of the 350 interviewees were identified, and their responses about the perception of the air pollution problem were recorded.