in 2015. During dissection of the neck, it was noted that the submandibular gland on the right side had an anatomical variation in the form of an extra duct [ Figure 1]. No other anomalies were observed. The main duct was larger and superior in position and the accessory duct was slightly narrower and inferior. The two ducts were almost parallel to each other, passing between the hyoglossus and mylohyoid muscles. Only the upper duct had normal anatomical relations to the lingual nerve. Both ducts rose independently from the submandibular gland and opened separately into the floor of the mouth. The main submandibular duct opened at the top of the papilla. The accessory duct adjacent to the main duct produced a slight elevation of mucosa in the floor of the mouth. The submandibular gland on the left side was normal. CommentThe submandibular gland is one of the three larger pairs of salivary glands.1 It has an excretory duct which emerges from the anterior end of the deeper part of the gland, crosses inwards between the mylohyoid and hyoglossus muscles and opens into the floor of the mouth on the top of the sublingual papilla next to the frenulum of the tongue.1 The submandibular

Un caso raro de cabeza unilateral y adicional de músculo esternocleidomastoideo fue encontrado en un cadáver masculino adulto en el lado izquierdo. Esta cabeza se originó en el tercio medio de la clavícula y se unió al resto del músculo en su centro. Sin embargo, no había tal tropiezo adicional en el lado opuesto. No había variaciones en su suministro de  inserción y nervio. Esta observación puede ser de importancia para los cirujanos de cabeza y cuello y cirujanos de cirugía plástica durante su práctica clínica A rare case of unilateral, additional head of sternocleidomastoid muscle was found in an adult male cadaver on the left side. This head originated from the middle one third of the clavicle and joined the rest of the muscle in its middle. However, there was no such additional slip on the right side. There were no variations in its insertion and nerve supply. This observation may be of importance to head and neck surgeons and plastic surgeons during their clinical practice.

La arteria vertebral es una de las arterias que irriga el cerebro. El conocimiento de la anatomía normal y las variantes de la arteria vertebral adquiere importancia en la práctica clínica y la radiología vascular. El origen anómalo de la arteria vertebral del arco de la aorta o cualquiera de las arterias del cuello ha sido reportado por muchos autores. En este informe se presenta una variación del curso prevertebral de la arteria vertebral izquierda. La arteria vertebral tenía su origen habitual en la arteria subclavia con un largo curso prevertebral y entraba en el foramen transversarium de la vértebra CII. El origen y recorrido de la arteria vertebral en el lado derecho fue normal. Clínicamente es importante conocer el origen y curso del segmento prevertebral de la arteria vertebral y las posibles variaciones. El presente informe debería ser de interés para el médico vascular con respecto a las variaciones en el cuello y región torácica, y puede dar idea para dilucidar el mecanismo de desarrollo de la angiogénesis. Vertebral artery is one of the arteries supplying the brain. Knowledge of the normal and variant anatomy of the vertebral artery assumes importance in clinical practice and vascular radiology. Anomalous origins of the vertebral artery from the arch of the aorta or any one of the arteries of the neck have been reported by several authors. In this report a variation of the prevertebral course of the left vertebral artery is being presented. The Vertebral artery had usual origin from the subclavian artery and had a longer prevertebral course to enter the foramen transversarium of the CII vertebra. The origin and course of the vertebral artery on the right side was normal. It is clinically important to know the origin and course of the prevertebral segment of the vertebral artery and possible variations. The present report should be of interest for clinicians with regard to vascular variations in the neck and thoracic region, and may give insight into elucidating the developmental mechanism of angiogenesis.